Given two strings s and t which consist of only lowercase letters.
String t is generated by random shuffling string s and then add one more letter at a random position.
Find the letter that was added in t.
Example:
Input: s = "abcd" t = "abcde" Output: e Explanation: 'e' is the letter that was added.
这道题给了我们两个字符串s和t,t是在s的任意一个地方加上了一个字符,让我们找出新加上的那个字符。这道题确实不是一道难题,首先第一反应的方法就是用哈希表来建立字符和个数之间的映射,如果在遍历t的时候某个映射值小于0了,那么返回该字符即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: char findTheDifference(string s, string t) { unordered_map<char, int> m; for (char c : s) ++m[c]; for (char c : t) { if (--m[c] < 0) return c; } return 0; } };
我们也可以使用位操作Bit Manipulation来做,利用异或的性质,相同位返回0,这样相同的字符都抵消了,剩下的就是后加的那个字符,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: char findTheDifference(string s, string t) { char res = 0; for (char c : s) res ^= c; for (char c : t) res ^= c; return res; } };
我们也可以直接用加和减,相同的字符一减一加也抵消了,剩下的就是后加的那个字符,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: char findTheDifference(string s, string t) { char res = 0; for (char c : s) res -= c; for (char c : t) res += c; return res; } };
下面这种方法是史蒂芬大神提出来的,利用了STL的accumulate函数,实际上是上面解法二的改写,一行就写完了真是丧心病狂啊,参见代码如下:
解法四:
class Solution { public: char findTheDifference(string s, string t) { return accumulate(begin(s), end(s += t), 0, bit_xor<int>()); } };
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/55987/java-c-1-liner
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/55960/two-java-solutions-using-xor-sum
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/55912/java-solution-using-bit-manipulation