无向图的深度和广度优先遍历 – C++
标签(空格分隔): 算法
本文来自《啊哈!算法》第5章第1节 点击下载PDF文件查看
需要解决的问题
一个无向图,怎么从深度和广度来遍历这个图,也就是怎么个走法
需要了解和学习的点
- 图的邻接矩阵存储法(就是一个二维数组)
- 回溯 (这里要理解循环能给递归产生回溯的效果)
- 图的生成树
代码
深度优先遍历
/** * 图的深度优先遍历 * 啊哈算法 P131 * by jtahstu at 2017-09-14 */
#include <iostream>
#include <climits>
using namespace std;
int book[101] = {0}, sum, n, m, e[101][101] = {0};
void dfs(int cur) {
cout << cur << " ";
sum++;
if (sum == n)return;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { //循环达到回溯的效果
if (book[i] == 0 && e[cur][i] == 1) {
book[i] = 1;
dfs(i);
}
}
return;
}
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
cin >> n >> m; //n个节点,m条边
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) //初始化
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
if (i == j)
e[i][j] = 0;
else
e[i][j] = INT_MAX;
}
int a, b;
for (int k = 1; k <= m; k++) { //矩阵表示
cin >> a >> b;
e[a][b] = 1;
e[b][a] = 1;
}
book[1] = 1;
dfs(1);
return 0;
}
/** 5 4 3 2 3 4 2 5 2 1 5 5 1 2 1 3 1 5 2 4 3 5 */
广度优先遍历
/** * 图的广度优先遍历 * 啊哈算法 P134 * by jtahstu at 2017-09-14 */
#include <iostream>
#include <climits>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int n, m, a, b, cur, book[101] = {0}, e[101][101] = {0};
int que[101], head = 1, tail = 1;
cin >> n >> m; //n个节点,m条边
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) //初始化
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
if (i == j)
e[i][j] = 0;
else
e[i][j] = INT_MAX;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { //图的矩阵表示
cin >> a >> b;
e[a][b] = 1;
e[b][a] = 1;
}
que[1] = 1;
tail++;
book[1] = 1; //走过的标记为1
while (head < tail) {
cur = que[head];
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { //当前顶点往下的所有可能都存到队列中去
if (book[i] == 0 && e[cur][i] == 1) {
que[tail] = i;
tail++;
}
if (tail > n)
break;
}
head++; //表示当前点遍历结束,下个点
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
cout << que[i] << " ";
}
return 0;
}
/** 5 4 1 3 1 5 3 2 5 4 */