参考文档:
http://blog.csdn.net/wangxiafghj/article/details/9014363geohash 算法原理及实现方式
http://blog.charlee.li/geohash-intro/ geohash:用字符串实现附近地点搜索
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7c05385f0101eofb.html 查找附近点–Geohash方案讨论
http://www.wubiao.info/372 查找附近的xxx 球面距离以及Geohash方案探讨
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haversine_formula Haversine formula球面距离公式
http://www.codecodex.com/wiki/Calculate_Distance_Between_Two_Points_on_a_Globe 球面距离公式代码实现
http://developer.baidu.com/map/jsdemo.htm#a6_1 球面距离公式验证
http://www.wubiao.info/470 Mysql or Mongodb LBS快速实现方案
geohash有以下几个特点:
首先,geohash用一个字符串表示经度和纬度两个坐标。某些情况下无法在两列上同时应用索引 (例如MySQL 4之前的版本,Google App Engine的数据层等),利用geohash,只需在一列上应用索引即可。
其次,geohash表示的并不是一个点,而是一个矩形区域。比如编码wx4g0ec19,它表示的是一个矩形区域。 使用者可以发布地址编码,既能表明自己位于北海公园附近,又不至于暴露自己的精确坐标,有助于隐私保护。
第三,编码的前缀可以表示更大的区域。例如wx4g0ec1,它的前缀wx4g0e表示包含编码wx4g0ec1在内的更大范围。 这个特性可以用于附近地点搜索。首先根据用户当前坐标计算geohash(例如wx4g0ec1)然后取其前缀进行查询 (SELECT * FROM place WHERE geohash LIKE ‘wx4g0e%’),即可查询附近的所有地点。
Geohash比直接用经纬度的高效很多。
Geohash算法实现(Java版本)
package com.DistTest;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class Geohash {
private static int numbits = 6 * 5;
final static char[] digits = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
'9', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'm', 'n', 'p',
'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
final static HashMap<Character, Integer> lookup = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
static {
int i = 0;
for (char c : digits)
lookup.put(c, i++);
}
public double[] decode(String geohash) {
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
for (char c : geohash.toCharArray()) {
int i = lookup.get(c) + 32;
buffer.append( Integer.toString(i, 2).substring(1) );
}
BitSet lonset = new BitSet();
BitSet latset = new BitSet();
//even bits
int j =0;
for (int i=0; i< numbits*2;i+=2) {
boolean isSet = false;
if ( i < buffer.length() )
isSet = buffer.charAt(i) == '1';
lonset.set(j++, isSet);
}
//odd bits
j=0;
for (int i=1; i< numbits*2;i+=2) {
boolean isSet = false;
if ( i < buffer.length() )
isSet = buffer.charAt(i) == '1';
latset.set(j++, isSet);
}
//中国地理坐标:东经73°至东经135°,北纬4°至北纬53°
double lon = decode(lonset, 70, 140);
double lat = decode(latset, 0, 60);
return new double[] {lat, lon};
}
private double decode(BitSet bs, double floor, double ceiling) {
double mid = 0;
for (int i=0; i<bs.length(); i++) {
mid = (floor + ceiling) / 2;
if (bs.get(i))
floor = mid;
else
ceiling = mid;
}
return mid;
}
public String encode(double lat, double lon) {
BitSet latbits = getBits(lat, 0, 60);
BitSet lonbits = getBits(lon, 70, 140);
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < numbits; i++) {
buffer.append( (lonbits.get(i))?'1':'0');
buffer.append( (latbits.get(i))?'1':'0');
}
return base32(Long.parseLong(buffer.toString(), 2));
}
private BitSet getBits(double lat, double floor, double ceiling) {
BitSet buffer = new BitSet(numbits);
for (int i = 0; i < numbits; i++) {
double mid = (floor + ceiling) / 2;
if (lat >= mid) {
buffer.set(i);
floor = mid;
} else {
ceiling = mid;
}
}
return buffer;
}
public static String base32(long i) {
char[] buf = new char[65];
int charPos = 64;
boolean negative = (i < 0);
if (!negative)
i = -i;
while (i <= -32) {
buf[charPos--] = digits[(int) (-(i % 32))];
i /= 32;
}
buf[charPos] = digits[(int) (-i)];
if (negative)
buf[--charPos] = '-';
return new String(buf, charPos, (65 - charPos));
}
}
球面距离公式:
package com.DistTest;
public class Test{
private static final double EARTH_RADIUS = 6371000;//赤道半径(单位m)
/**
* 转化为弧度(rad)
* */
private static double rad(double d)
{
return d * Math.PI / 180.0;
}
/**
* 基于googleMap中的算法得到两经纬度之间的距离,计算精度与谷歌地图的距离精度差不多,相差范围在0.2米以下
* @param lon1 第一点的精度
* @param lat1 第一点的纬度
* @param lon2 第二点的精度
* @param lat3 第二点的纬度
* @return 返回的距离,单位m
* */
public static double GetDistance(double lon1,double lat1,double lon2, double lat2)
{
double radLat1 = rad(lat1);
double radLat2 = rad(lat2);
double a = radLat1 - radLat2;
double b = rad(lon1) - rad(lon2);
double s = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.sin(a/2),2)+Math.cos(radLat1)*Math.cos(radLat2)*Math.pow(Math.sin(b/2),2)));
s = s * EARTH_RADIUS;
s = Math.round(s * 10000) / 10000;
return s;
}
public static void main(String []args){
double lon1=109.0145193757;
double lat1=34.236080797698;
double lon2=108.9644583556;
double lat2=34.286439088548;
double dist;
String geocode;
dist=Test.GetDistance(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2);
System.out.println("两点相距:" + dist + " 米");
Geohash geohash = new Geohash();
geocode=geohash.encode(lat1, lon1);
System.out.println("当前位置编码:" + geocode);
geocode=geohash.encode(lat2, lon2);
System.out.println("远方位置编码:" + geocode);
}
//wqj7j37sfu03h2xb2q97
/*
永相逢超市
108.83457500177
34.256981052624
wqj6us6cmkj5bbfj6qdg
s6q08ubhhuq7
*/
}
附近网点距离排序
package com.DistTest;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class sqlTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Connection conn = null;
String sql;
String url = "jdbc:mysql://132.97.**.**/test?"
+ "user=***&password=****&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8";
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 动态加载mysql驱动
// System.out.println("成功加载MySQL驱动程序");
// 一个Connection代表一个数据库连接
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
// Statement里面带有很多方法,比如executeUpdate可以实现插入,更新和删除等
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
sql = "select * from retailersinfotable limit 1,10";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);// executeQuery会返回结果的集合,否则返回空值
double lon1=109.0145193757;
double lat1=34.236080797698;
System.out.println("当前位置:");
int i=0;
String[][] array = new String[10][3];
while (rs.next()){
//从数据库取出地理坐标
double lon2=Double.parseDouble(rs.getString("Longitude"));
double lat2=Double.parseDouble(rs.getString("Latitude"));
//根据地理坐标,生成geohash编码
Geohash geohash = new Geohash();
String geocode=geohash.encode(lat2, lon2).substring(0, 9);
//计算两点间的距离
int dist=(int) Test.GetDistance(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2);
array[i][0]=String.valueOf(i);
array[i][1]=geocode;
array[i][2]=Integer.toString(dist);
i++;
// System.out.println(lon2+"---"+lat2+"---"+geocode+"---"+dist);
}
array=sqlTest.getOrder(array); //二维数组排序
sqlTest.showArray(array); //打印数组
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("MySQL操作错误");
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
conn.close();
}
}
/*
* 二维数组排序,比较array[][2]的值,返回二维数组
* */
public static String[][] getOrder(String[][] array){
for (int j = 0; j < array.length ; j++) {
for (int bb = 0; bb < array.length - 1; bb++) {
String[] ss;
int a1=Integer.valueOf(array[bb][2]); //转化成int型比较大小
int a2=Integer.valueOf(array[bb+1][2]);
if (a1>a2) {
ss = array[bb];
array[bb] = array[bb + 1];
array[bb + 1] = ss;
}
}
}
return array;
}
/*打印数组*/
public static void showArray(String[][] array){
for(int a=0;a<array.length;a++){
for(int j=0;j<array[0].length;j++)
System.out.print(array[a][j]+" ");
System.out.println();
}
}
}