java – DFA预测和范围

从这个语法开始:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/14287002/1082002我会实现一个接受和评估简单语言的简单语法,如下所示:

{ 
   if a==c { 
      a
      if a==b { 
         b 
      } else { 
         c 
      }
   }

}

所以,如果a == c,它执行a并计算a == b,如果是,则执行b否则为c.真的很简单.

解析器语法和树语法是这些:

TreeEvaluator.g(组合语法产生AST)

grammar TreeEvaluator;

options { 
    output = AST;
}

tokens { 
    CONDBLOCK;
    CODEBLOCK;
    DEFAULT;
}


compilationUnit : block EOF -> block;

condition       : cif elif* celse? -> ^(IF cif elif* celse?);
cif             : IF expr block -> ^(CONDBLOCK expr block);
elif            : ELIF expr block -> ^(CONDBLOCK expr block);
celse           : ELSE block -> ^(DEFAULT block); 
expr            : ID EQ^ ID;
block           : LCUR instruction* RCUR -> ^(CODEBLOCK instruction*);
instruction     : ID | condition;

IF  : 'if';
ELIF: 'elif';
ELSE: 'else';
LCUR: '{';
RCUR: '}';
EQ  : '==';
ID  : ('a'..'z'|'A'..'Z')+;
WS  : (' '|'\t'|'\f'|'\r'|'\n')+ {skip();};

AstTreeEvaluatorParser.g(树解析器)

tree grammar AstTreeEvaluatorParser;

options { 
    output = AST;
    tokenVocab = TreeEvaluator;
    ASTLabelType = CommonTree;
}

@members { 
    private static final class Evaluation {
        boolean matched = false; 
        boolean done = false;
    }

    private java.util.HashMap<String, Integer> vars = new java.util.HashMap<String, Integer>();

    public void addVar(String name, int value){
        vars.put(name, value);
    }

}

compilationUnit : block+;

block        : ^(CODEBLOCK instruction*);

instruction  : ifStat | ID;

ifStat       
@init { Evaluation eval = new Evaluation(); }
         : ^(IF condition[eval]* defcond[eval]?) 
         ;

condition [Evaluation eval]
         : ^(CONDBLOCK exp {if ($exp.value) eval.matched = true;} evalblock[eval])
         ;

defcond [Evaluation eval] 
         : ^(DEFAULT {eval.matched = true;} evalblock[eval]) //force a match
         ;

evalblock [Evaluation eval]     
         : {eval.matched && !eval.done}? //Only do this when a condition is matched but not finished 
        block                //call the execution code
        {eval.done = true;}  //evaluation is complete.
         | ^(CODEBLOCK .*)  //read the code node and continue without executing
         ;

exp returns [boolean value]
        : ^(EQ lhs=ID rhs=ID)
        {$value = vars.get($lhs.getText()) == vars.get($rhs.getText());}
        ;

问题是为预测规则evalblock而生成的DFA,此DFA有一个方法SpecialStateTransition(),它引用参数eval(在规则中指定),但在生成的Java类中,该参数不可见.

我不明白为什么,如果有办法避免这个问题.

最佳答案 你有一个语义谓词(syntax {…}?),它包含对一个由一个动作改变的值的引用(syntax {…}).在您的情况下,值是Evaluation.matched和Evaluation.done字段.

你应该完全避免这种情况 – 永远不要包含依赖于执行动作的谓词.相反,通过将操作代码包装在if(eval.matched&&!eval.done)中来检查操作中的这些值{…}

¹有些人用这种方式编写语法,但我严格避免使用它,因为你可能会遇到问题,而其他问题甚至更糟.

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