java 多线程--- Thread Runnable Executors

java 实现多线程的整理:

  1.   Thread实现多线程的两种方式:

    (1)继承 Thread类,同时重载 run 方法:

class PrimeThread extends Thread {
    long minPrime;
    primeThread(long minPrime) {
        this.minPrime = minPrime;
    }
    
    public void run() {
         // compute primes larger than minPrime
           
    }
}

PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143);
p.start();

  Thread的源码:

public class Thread implements Runnable {
     /* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */
    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }
    ......

   /* What will be run. */

   private Runnable target;

   

    /**

     * If this thread was constructed using a separate

     * <code>Runnable</code> run object, then that

     * <code>Runnable</code> object’s <code>run</code> method is called;

     * otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.

     * <p>

     * Subclasses of <code>Thread</code> should override this method.

     *

     * @see     #start()

     * @see     #stop()

     * @see     #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)

     */

    @Override

    public void run() {

        if (target != null) {

            target.run();

        }

    }

}

 

  (2) 声明一个实现了Runnable接口的类。— Thread 类其实也是实现了Runnable 接口的类 参见上面的源码  

package java.lang;
public interface Runnable {
     public abstract void run();
}

  如果不需要实现Thread 类中的其他方法,可以仅仅实现Runnable接口中的Run()方法来实现多线程。

  ”This is important because classes should not be subclassed unless the programmer intends on modifying or enhancing the fundamental behavior of the class.” — Arthur van Hoff

  — 因为当程序员不准备修改或者增强这个类的功能的时候,就不应该成为这个类的子类。

  

class PrimeRun implements Runnable {
    long minPrime;
    PrimeRun(long minPrime){
        this.minPrime = minPrime;
    }

    public void run() {
        //compute primes larger than minPrime
        ....
    }    
}

PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143);
new Thread(p).start();
 

2. Executors 

 Executor 接口 

  一个执行提交Runnable 任务的对象。对任务的提交与任务的执行,线程的使用,调度进行解耦。

  取代 new Thread(new(RunnableTask())).start()

  转而使用:

  Executor executor = anExecutor;

  executor.execute(new RunnableTask1());

  executor.execute(new RunnableTask2());

简单的用法:

 class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
   public void execute(Runnable r) {
     r.run();
   }
 }

 class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor {
   public void execute(Runnable r) {
     new Thread(r).start();
   }
 }

一个复合的Executor:

class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
   final Queue<Runnable> tasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
   final Executor executor;
   Runnable active;

   SerialExecutor(Executor executor) {
     this.executor = executor;
   }

   public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
     tasks.offer(new Runnable() {
       public void run() {
         try {
           r.run();
         } finally {
           scheduleNext();
         }
       }
     });
     if (active == null) {
       scheduleNext();
     }
   }

   protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
     if ((active = tasks.poll()) != null) {
       executor.execute(active);
     }
   }
 }

  interface ExecutorService

  接口继承Executor提供了方法来管理终止以及可以产生Future结果的同步或者异步任务。

public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
  void shutdown();//停止说有的任务,不会再接收新的任务
  List<Runnable> shutdownNow();//停止全部活跃的任务,停止等待的任务,返回等待执行任务的列表。
  boolean isShutdown(); // 返回true 如果executor 已经被停止
boolean  isTerminated(); //如果全部的任务在shutDown后都完成了 返回为true.只有在shutdown()或者 shutdownNow() 被调用后才会返回true.
  boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit) throws InterruptedException; //阻塞直到所有的任务在shutdown()请求完成后,或者超时发生,或者现有的线程中断。
  <T>  Future<T>  submit(Callable<T> task); //提交一个值返回的任务运行,同时返回Future类,通过Future 的get()方法可以获得任务的执行结果。
  <T>  Future<T>  submit(Runnable task, T result);
  Future<?>  submit(Runnable task);//提交一个Runnable 任务执行,返回一个Future代表这个任务。
  <T>  List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Colleaciton<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) throws InterruptedException;//执行指定的多个任务,返回Future的list,包含他们的状态,以及运行完成的结果。
  <T>  List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collectio<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;//执行给定的任务,返回Future的列表,知道所有的任务都完成或者超时时间达到。
  <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;//执行给定的任务,返回任意一个完成的结果。
  <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;//执行给定的任务,直到任务在超时时间内完成
}

  class Executors

  支持运行异步任务,管理一个线程池,无需手动去创建新的线程。

public class executors {
        public static void main(String[] args){
                ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
                executor.submit(() -> {
                        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                        System.out.println("Hello " + threadName);
                });
        }
}

但是java进程没有结束,Executors必须显示的停止,可以调用上面ExecutorService中的方法来终止:shutdown()  会等待当前的任务运行完成,shutdownNow() 会终止所有的当前正在运行的任务并且立即关闭executor。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class executors {
        public static void main(String[] args){
                ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
                executor.submit(() -> {
                        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                        System.out.println("Hello " + threadName);
                });
                try {
                        System.out.println("attempt to shutdown executor");
                        executor.shutdown();
                        executor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        System.err.println("tasks interrupted");
                } finally {
                        if(!executor.isTerminated()) {
                                System.err.println("cancel non-finished tasks");
                        }
                        executor.shutdownNow();
                        System.out.println("shutdown finished");
                }
        }
}

  Executors 还支持另外一种类型的任务:Callable。Callable会返回一个值。  

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class callable{
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalStateException,InterruptedException, ExecutionException{
                Callable<Integer> task = () -> {
              try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1); return 123; } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new IllegalStateException("task interrupted", e); } }; ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1); Future<Integer> future = executor.submit(task); System.out.println("future done? " + future.isDone()); Integer res = future.get(); System.out.println("future done? " + future.isDone()); System.out.print("result : " + res); executor.shutdownNow(); } }

  Executors 可以通过invokeAll()一次批量提交多个callable任务。

import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;

public class moreCallable{
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
                ExecutorService executor = Executors.newWorkStealingPool();
                List<Callable<String>> callables = Arrays.asList(
                                () -> "task1",
                                () -> "task2",
                                () -> "task3");
                executor.invokeAll(callables).stream().map(future -> {
                        try{
                                return future.get();
                        }catch (Exception e) {
                                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
                        }
                }).forEach(System.out::println);
        }
}

—–

Executors 是一个包含有很多static静态方法的类,使用时,可以作为一个工具类使用,

  Executors.newWorkStealingPool() 这个方法又拖出来一个类:ForkJoinPool(extends AbstractExecutorService (since 1.7))

后续继续写 Future,ForkJoinPool 以及线程的调度:ScheduledExecutorService。

参考:

http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1431307471966.html

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/package-summary.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/lucky_dai/p/5509261.html

java源码

 

    原文作者:java 线程池
    原文地址: http://www.cnblogs.com/edenpans/p/5945153.html
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