转自:http://blog.csdn.net/hackbuteer1/article/details/6595881
分别使用C++中的运算符重载的方法来实现大数之间的数学运算,包括加法、减法、乘法、除法、n次方、取模、大小比较、赋值以及输入流、输出流的重载。。
并且使用这个大数模板,顺利AC了HDOJ上的1134这个题目的Catalan数计数问题。。http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1134
大数模板的代码如下:
[cpp]
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- #include<iostream>
- #include<string>
- #include<iomanip>
- #include<algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- #define MAXN 9999
- #define MAXSIZE 10
- #define DLEN 4
- class BigNum
- {
- private:
- int a[500]; //可以控制大数的位数
- int len; //大数长度
- public:
- BigNum(){ len = 1;memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); } //构造函数
- BigNum(const int); //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数
- BigNum(const char*); //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数
- BigNum(const BigNum &); //拷贝构造函数
- BigNum &operator=(const BigNum &); //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算
- friend istream& operator>>(istream&, BigNum&); //重载输入运算符
- friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, BigNum&); //重载输出运算符
- BigNum operator+(const BigNum &) const; //重载加法运算符,两个大数之间的相加运算
- BigNum operator-(const BigNum &) const; //重载减法运算符,两个大数之间的相减运算
- BigNum operator*(const BigNum &) const; //重载乘法运算符,两个大数之间的相乘运算
- BigNum operator/(const int &) const; //重载除法运算符,大数对一个整数进行相除运算
- BigNum operator^(const int &) const; //大数的n次方运算
- int operator%(const int &) const; //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算
- bool operator>(const BigNum & T)const; //大数和另一个大数的大小比较
- bool operator>(const int & t)const; //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较
- void print(); //输出大数
- };
- BigNum::BigNum(const int b) //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数
- {
- int c,d = b;
- len = 0;
- memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
- while(d > MAXN)
- {
- c = d – (d / (MAXN + 1)) * (MAXN + 1);
- d = d / (MAXN + 1);
- a[len++] = c;
- }
- a[len++] = d;
- }
- BigNum::BigNum(const char*s) //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数
- {
- int t,k,index,l,i;
- memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
- l=strlen(s);
- len=l/DLEN;
- if(l%DLEN)
- len++;
- index=0;
- for(i=l-1;i>=0;i-=DLEN)
- {
- t=0;
- k=i-DLEN+1;
- if(k<0)
- k=0;
- for(int j=k;j<=i;j++)
- t=t*10+s[j]-‘0’;
- a[index++]=t;
- }
- }
- BigNum::BigNum(const BigNum & T) : len(T.len) //拷贝构造函数
- {
- int i;
- memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
- for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++)
- a[i] = T.a[i];
- }
- BigNum & BigNum::operator=(const BigNum & n) //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算
- {
- int i;
- len = n.len;
- memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
- for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++)
- a[i] = n.a[i];
- return *this;
- }
- istream& operator>>(istream & in, BigNum & b) //重载输入运算符
- {
- char ch[MAXSIZE*4];
- int i = -1;
- in>>ch;
- int l=strlen(ch);
- int count=0,sum=0;
- for(i=l-1;i>=0;)
- {
- sum = 0;
- int t=1;
- for(int j=0;j<4&&i>=0;j++,i–,t*=10)
- {
- sum+=(ch[i]-‘0’)*t;
- }
- b.a[count]=sum;
- count++;
- }
- b.len =count++;
- return in;
- }
- ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, BigNum& b) //重载输出运算符
- {
- int i;
- cout << b.a[b.len – 1];
- for(i = b.len – 2 ; i >= 0 ; i–)
- {
- cout.width(DLEN);
- cout.fill(‘0’);
- cout << b.a[i];
- }
- return out;
- }
- BigNum BigNum::operator+(const BigNum & T) const //两个大数之间的相加运算
- {
- BigNum t(*this);
- int i,big; //位数
- big = T.len > len ? T.len : len;
- for(i = 0 ; i < big ; i++)
- {
- t.a[i] +=T.a[i];
- if(t.a[i] > MAXN)
- {
- t.a[i + 1]++;
- t.a[i] -=MAXN+1;
- }
- }
- if(t.a[big] != 0)
- t.len = big + 1;
- else
- t.len = big;
- return t;
- }
- BigNum BigNum::operator-(const BigNum & T) const //两个大数之间的相减运算
- {
- int i,j,big;
- bool flag;
- BigNum t1,t2;
- if(*this>T)
- {
- t1=*this;
- t2=T;
- flag=0;
- }
- else
- {
- t1=T;
- t2=*this;
- flag=1;
- }
- big=t1.len;
- for(i = 0 ; i < big ; i++)
- {
- if(t1.a[i] < t2.a[i])
- {
- j = i + 1;
- while(t1.a[j] == 0)
- j++;
- t1.a[j–]–;
- while(j > i)
- t1.a[j–] += MAXN;
- t1.a[i] += MAXN + 1 – t2.a[i];
- }
- else
- t1.a[i] -= t2.a[i];
- }
- t1.len = big;
- while(t1.a[t1.len – 1] == 0 && t1.len > 1)
- {
- t1.len–;
- big–;
- }
- if(flag)
- t1.a[big-1]=0-t1.a[big-1];
- return t1;
- }
- BigNum BigNum::operator*(const BigNum & T) const //两个大数之间的相乘运算
- {
- BigNum ret;
- int i,j,up;
- int temp,temp1;
- for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++)
- {
- up = 0;
- for(j = 0 ; j < T.len ; j++)
- {
- temp = a[i] * T.a[j] + ret.a[i + j] + up;
- if(temp > MAXN)
- {
- temp1 = temp – temp / (MAXN + 1) * (MAXN + 1);
- up = temp / (MAXN + 1);
- ret.a[i + j] = temp1;
- }
- else
- {
- up = 0;
- ret.a[i + j] = temp;
- }
- }
- if(up != 0)
- ret.a[i + j] = up;
- }
- ret.len = i + j;
- while(ret.a[ret.len – 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1)
- ret.len–;
- return ret;
- }
- BigNum BigNum::operator/(const int & b) const //大数对一个整数进行相除运算
- {
- BigNum ret;
- int i,down = 0;
- for(i = len – 1 ; i >= 0 ; i–)
- {
- ret.a[i] = (a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1)) / b;
- down = a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1) – ret.a[i] * b;
- }
- ret.len = len;
- while(ret.a[ret.len – 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1)
- ret.len–;
- return ret;
- }
- int BigNum::operator %(const int & b) const //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算
- {
- int i,d=0;
- for (i = len-1; i>=0; i–)
- {
- d = ((d * (MAXN+1))% b + a[i])% b;
- }
- return d;
- }
- BigNum BigNum::operator^(const int & n) const //大数的n次方运算
- {
- BigNum t,ret(1);
- int i;
- if(n<0)
- exit(-1);
- if(n==0)
- return 1;
- if(n==1)
- return *this;
- int m=n;
- while(m>1)
- {
- t=*this;
- for( i=1;i<<1<=m;i<<=1)
- {
- t=t*t;
- }
- m-=i;
- ret=ret*t;
- if(m==1)
- ret=ret*(*this);
- }
- return ret;
- }
- bool BigNum::operator>(const BigNum & T) const //大数和另一个大数的大小比较
- {
- int ln;
- if(len > T.len)
- return true;
- else if(len == T.len)
- {
- ln = len – 1;
- while(a[ln] == T.a[ln] && ln >= 0)
- ln–;
- if(ln >= 0 && a[ln] > T.a[ln])
- return true;
- else
- return false;
- }
- else
- return false;
- }
- bool BigNum::operator >(const int & t) const //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较
- {
- BigNum b(t);
- return *this>b;
- }
- void BigNum::print() //输出大数
- {
- int i;
- cout << a[len – 1];
- for(i = len – 2 ; i >= 0 ; i–)
- {
- cout.width(DLEN);
- cout.fill(‘0’);
- cout << a[i];
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- int main(void)
- {
- int i,n;
- BigNum x[101]; //定义大数的对象数组
- x[0]=1;
- for(i=1;i<101;i++)
- x[i]=x[i-1]*(4*i-2)/(i+1);
- while(scanf(“%d”,&n)==1 && n!=-1)
- {
- x[n].print();
- }
- }