http://lightoj.com/volume_showproblem.php?problem=1085

先说个很快的方法——二维思考，从右下往左上离散化：

/*0.364s,2860KB*/

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int mx = 100005;
const int mod = 1000000007;

int tree[mx], a[mx], dis[mx], n;

///从右下往左上“看”
bool cmp(int x, int y)
{
	if (a[x] != a[y]) return a[x] < a[y];
	return x > y;
}

void add(int pos, int x)
{
	for (; pos <= n; pos += pos & -pos) tree[pos] = (tree[pos] + x) % mod;
}

int sum(int pos)
{
	int res = 0;
	for (; pos; pos -= pos & -pos) res = (res + tree[pos]) % mod;
	return res;
}

int main()
{
	int t, cas, i;
	scanf("%d", &t);
	for (cas = 1; cas <= t; ++cas)
	{
		scanf("%d", &n);
		for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]), dis[i] = i;
		sort(dis + 1, dis + n + 1, cmp);
		memset(tree, 0, sizeof(tree));
		for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) add(dis[i], sum(dis[i]) + 1);
		printf("Case %d: %d\n", cas, sum(n));
	}
	return 0;
}

然后是普遍的从左往右离散化的方法，但是太慢，而且还耗内存：

/*1.236s,7088KB*/

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int mx = 100005;
const int mod = 1000000007;

int tree[mx], a[mx], n;
map<int, int> m;

void add(int pos, int x)
{
	for (; pos <= n; pos += pos & -pos) tree[pos] = (tree[pos] + x) % mod;
}

int sum(int pos)
{
	int res = 0;
	for (; pos; pos -= pos & -pos) res = (res + tree[pos]) % mod;
	return res;
}

int main()
{
	int t, cas, i, cnt, pos;
	map<int, int>::iterator it;
	scanf("%d", &t);
	for (cas = 1; cas <= t; ++cas)
	{
		scanf("%d", &n);
		m.clear();
		for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) scanf("%d", &a[i]), m[a[i]];
		cnt = 0;
		for (it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) it->second = ++cnt;
		memset(tree, 0, sizeof(tree));
		for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) pos = m[a[i]], add(pos, sum(pos - 1) + 1);
		printf("Case %d: %d\n", cas, sum(cnt));
	}
	return 0;
}