关于NotificationManagerService的使用推荐参考下面资料，写的不错：
Android4.4 NotificationManagerService使用详解与原理分析（一）、（二）：点击打开链接
这里主要分析framework层的源码。
相关文件主要有：
frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\NotificationManager.java;
frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\notification\NotificationManagerService.java;
frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\statusbar\StatusBarManagerService.java;
第三方应用发起通知时，调用的是NotificationManager的notify方法，我们就从这里入手。
notify方法表示发送一个显示在状态栏上的通知，代码如下：
/**
* Post a notification to be shown in the status bar. If a notification with
* the same id has already been posted by your application and has not yet been canceled, it
* will be replaced by the updated information.
*
* @param id An identifier for this notification unique within your
* application.
* @param notification A {@link Notification} object describing what to show the user. Must not
* be null.
*/
public void notify(int id, Notification notification)
{
notify(null, id, notification);
}如果你的第三方应用发送了一个相同id的通知，并且没有被取消，它将被更新的信息所取代。
/**
* Post a notification to be shown in the status bar. If a notification with
* the same tag and id has already been posted by your application and has not yet been
* canceled, it will be replaced by the updated information.
*
* @param tag A string identifier for this notification. May be {@code null}.
* @param id An identifier for this notification. The pair (tag, id) must be unique
* within your application.
* @param notification A {@link Notification} object describing what to
* show the user. Must not be null.
*/
public void notify(String tag, int id, Notification notification)
{
notifyAsUser(tag, id, notification, new UserHandle(UserHandle.myUserId()));
}如果你的第三方应用发送了一个相同tag和id的通知，并且没有被取消，它将被更新的信息所取代。
/**
* @hide
*/
public void notifyAsUser(String tag, int id, Notification notification, UserHandle user)
{
int[] idOut = new int[1];
INotificationManager service = getService();//获取IBinder对象（NotificationManagerService）
String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();
// Fix the notification as best we can.
Notification.addFieldsFromContext(mContext, notification);//"android.appinfo"、"android.originatingUserId"
if (notification.sound != null) {
notification.sound = notification.sound.getCanonicalUri();
if (StrictMode.vmFileUriExposureEnabled()) {
notification.sound.checkFileUriExposed("Notification.sound");
}
}
fixLegacySmallIcon(notification, pkg);
if (mContext.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion > Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) {
if (notification.getSmallIcon() == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid notification (no valid small icon): "
+ notification);
}
}
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, pkg + ": notify(" + id + ", " + notification + ")");
final Notification copy = Builder.maybeCloneStrippedForDelivery(notification);
try {
service.enqueueNotificationWithTag(pkg, mContext.getOpPackageName(), tag, id,
copy, idOut, user.getIdentifier());
if (id != idOut[0]) {
Log.w(TAG, "notify: id corrupted: sent " + id + ", got back " + idOut[0]);
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}- 我们看下Notification的addFieldsFromContext方法做了哪些事情：
/**
* @hide
*/
public static void addFieldsFromContext(Context context, Notification notification) {
addFieldsFromContext(context.getApplicationInfo(), context.getUserId(), notification);
}
/**
* @hide
*/
public static void addFieldsFromContext(ApplicationInfo ai, int userId,
Notification notification) {
notification.extras.putParcelable(EXTRA_BUILDER_APPLICATION_INFO, ai);//"android.appinfo"
notification.extras.putInt(EXTRA_ORIGINATING_USERID, userId);//"android.originatingUserId"
}主要是保存了当前应用对应的ApplicationInfo对象和对应的userId。在Android4.4中Notification新增了extras字段，用来保存系统通知的一些具体信息，定义如下：
/**
* Additional semantic data to be carried around with this Notification.
* <p>
* The extras keys defined here are intended to capture the original inputs to {@link Builder}
* APIs, and are intended to be used by
* {@link android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService} implementations to extract
* detailed information from notification objects.
*/
public Bundle extras = new Bundle();addFieldsFromContext方法主要实现将当前应用的ApplicationInfo对象保存到“android.appinfo”字段，将当前的userId保存到“android.originatingUserId”字段中。
- fixLegacySmalIcon，notify函数会判断notification是否有small icon，如果没有设icon或small icon，用notify方法时会抛出异常。fixLegacySmallIcon方法如下：
private void fixLegacySmallIcon(Notification n, String pkg) {
if (n.getSmallIcon() == null && n.icon != 0) {
n.setSmallIcon(Icon.createWithResource(pkg, n.icon));
}
}完成上面的操作后，调用通知管理类NotificationManagerService的enqueueNotificationWithTag方法，
@Override
public void enqueueNotificationWithTag(String pkg, String opPkg, String tag, int id,
Notification notification, int[] idOut, int userId) throws RemoteException {
enqueueNotificationInternal(pkg, opPkg, Binder.getCallingUid(),
Binder.getCallingPid(), tag, id, notification, idOut, userId);
}我们看到在enqueueNotificationWithTag方法中调用了enqueueNotificationInternal方法，这里就是通知处理的核心了。
void enqueueNotificationInternal(final String pkg, final String opPkg, final int callingUid,
final int callingPid, final String tag, final int id, final Notification notification,
int[] idOut, int incomingUserId) {
if (DBG) {
Slog.v(TAG, "enqueueNotificationInternal: pkg=" + pkg + " id=" + id
+ " notification=" + notification);
}
checkCallerIsSystemOrSameApp(pkg);
// 校验UID
final boolean isSystemNotification = isUidSystem(callingUid) || ("android".equals(pkg));
final boolean isNotificationFromListener = mListeners.isListenerPackage(pkg);
final int userId = ActivityManager.handleIncomingUser(callingPid,
callingUid, incomingUserId, true, false, "enqueueNotification", pkg);
final UserHandle user = new UserHandle(userId);
// Fix the notification as best we can.
try {
final ApplicationInfo ai = getContext().getPackageManager().getApplicationInfoAsUser(
pkg, PackageManager.MATCH_DEBUG_TRIAGED_MISSING,
(userId == UserHandle.USER_ALL) ? UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM : userId);
Notification.addFieldsFromContext(ai, userId, notification);
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Cannot create a context for sending app", e);
return;
}
mUsageStats.registerEnqueuedByApp(pkg);
// Limit the number of notifications that any given package except the android
// package or a registered listener can enqueue. Prevents DOS attacks and deals with leaks.
// 这里会做一个限制，除了系统级别的应用之外，其他应用的notification数量会做限制,用来防止DOS攻击导致的泄露
if (!isSystemNotification && !isNotificationFromListener) {
synchronized (mNotificationList) {
final float appEnqueueRate = mUsageStats.getAppEnqueueRate(pkg);
if (appEnqueueRate > mMaxPackageEnqueueRate) {
mUsageStats.registerOverRateQuota(pkg);
final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
if ((now - mLastOverRateLogTime) > MIN_PACKAGE_OVERRATE_LOG_INTERVAL) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Package enqueue rate is " + appEnqueueRate
+ ". Shedding events. package=" + pkg);
mLastOverRateLogTime = now;
}
return;
}
int count = 0;
final int N = mNotificationList.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final NotificationRecord r = mNotificationList.get(i);
if (r.sbn.getPackageName().equals(pkg) && r.sbn.getUserId() == userId) {
if (r.sbn.getId() == id && TextUtils.equals(r.sbn.getTag(), tag)) {
break; // Allow updating existing notification
}
count++;
if (count >= MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS) {// 同一个应用发送notification数量不能超过50
mUsageStats.registerOverCountQuota(pkg);
Slog.e(TAG, "Package has already posted " + count
+ " notifications. Not showing more. package=" + pkg);
return;
}
}
}
}
}
if (pkg == null || notification == null) {//通知不能为空
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null not allowed: pkg=" + pkg
+ " id=" + id + " notification=" + notification);
}
// Whitelist pending intents.
if (notification.allPendingIntents != null) {
final int intentCount = notification.allPendingIntents.size();
if (intentCount > 0) {
final ActivityManagerInternal am = LocalServices
.getService(ActivityManagerInternal.class);
final long duration = LocalServices.getService(
DeviceIdleController.LocalService.class).getNotificationWhitelistDuration();
for (int i = 0; i < intentCount; i++) {
PendingIntent pendingIntent = notification.allPendingIntents.valueAt(i);
if (pendingIntent != null) {
am.setPendingIntentWhitelistDuration(pendingIntent.getTarget(), duration);
}
}
}
}
// Sanitize inputs
notification.priority = clamp(notification.priority, Notification.PRIORITY_MIN,
Notification.PRIORITY_MAX);
// setup local book-keeping
// 验证完条件后，将前面传递进来的Notification封装成一个StatusBarNotification对象,
final StatusBarNotification n = new StatusBarNotification(
pkg, opPkg, id, tag, callingUid, callingPid, 0, notification,
user);
// 封装NotificationRecord对象
final NotificationRecord r = new NotificationRecord(getContext(), n);
mHandler.post(new EnqueueNotificationRunnable(userId, r));
idOut[0] = id;
}开启线程，异步处理。
private class EnqueueNotificationRunnable implements Runnable {
private final NotificationRecord r;
private final int userId;
EnqueueNotificationRunnable(int userId, NotificationRecord r) {
this.userId = userId;
this.r = r;
};
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mNotificationList) {
final StatusBarNotification n = r.sbn;
if (DBG) Slog.d(TAG, "EnqueueNotificationRunnable.run for: " + n.getKey());
NotificationRecord old = mNotificationsByKey.get(n.getKey());
if (old != null) {
// Retain ranking information from previous record
r.copyRankingInformation(old);
}
final int callingUid = n.getUid();
final int callingPid = n.getInitialPid();
final Notification notification = n.getNotification();
final String pkg = n.getPackageName();
final int id = n.getId();
final String tag = n.getTag();
final boolean isSystemNotification = isUidSystem(callingUid) ||
("android".equals(pkg));
// Handle grouped notifications and bail out early if we
// can to avoid extracting signals.
handleGroupedNotificationLocked(r, old, callingUid, callingPid);
// This conditional is a dirty hack to limit the logging done on
// behalf of the download manager without affecting other apps.
if (!pkg.equals("com.android.providers.downloads")
|| Log.isLoggable("DownloadManager", Log.VERBOSE)) {
int enqueueStatus = EVENTLOG_ENQUEUE_STATUS_NEW;
if (old != null) {
enqueueStatus = EVENTLOG_ENQUEUE_STATUS_UPDATE;
}
EventLogTags.writeNotificationEnqueue(callingUid, callingPid,
pkg, id, tag, userId, notification.toString(),
enqueueStatus);
}
mRankingHelper.extractSignals(r);
final boolean isPackageSuspended = isPackageSuspendedForUser(pkg, callingUid);
// blocked apps 判断pkg是否可以显示通知
if (r.getImportance() == NotificationListenerService.Ranking.IMPORTANCE_NONE
|| !noteNotificationOp(pkg, callingUid) || isPackageSuspended) {
if (!isSystemNotification) {//不拦截系统通知
if (isPackageSuspended) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Suppressing notification from package due to package "
+ "suspended by administrator.");
mUsageStats.registerSuspendedByAdmin(r);
} else {
Slog.e(TAG, "Suppressing notification from package by user request.");
mUsageStats.registerBlocked(r);
}
return;
}
}
// tell the ranker service about the notification
if (mRankerServices.isEnabled()) {
mRankerServices.onNotificationEnqueued(r);
// TODO delay the code below here for 100ms or until there is an answer
}
// 获取是否已经发送过此notification
int index = indexOfNotificationLocked(n.getKey());
if (index < 0) {
// 如果是新发送的notification,就走新增流程.
mNotificationList.add(r);
mUsageStats.registerPostedByApp(r);
} else {
//如果有发送过，就获取oldNtificationRecord，后面走更新流程 mStatusBar.updateNotification(r.statusBarKey, n)
old = mNotificationList.get(index);
mNotificationList.set(index, r);
mUsageStats.registerUpdatedByApp(r, old);
// Make sure we don't lose the foreground service state.
notification.flags |=
old.getNotification().flags & Notification.FLAG_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
r.isUpdate = true;
}
Slog.d(TAG, "NotificationRecord, r = "+r);
mNotificationsByKey.put(n.getKey(), r);
// Ensure if this is a foreground service that the proper additional
// flags are set.
if ((notification.flags & Notification.FLAG_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) != 0) {
notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT
| Notification.FLAG_NO_CLEAR;
}
applyZenModeLocked(r);
mRankingHelper.sort(mNotificationList);//将mNotificationList排序
// 如果notification设置了smallIcon，调用所有NotificationListeners的notifyPostedLocked方法，
// 通知有新的notification，传入的参数为上面封装成的StatusBarNotification对象.
if (notification.getSmallIcon() != null) {
StatusBarNotification oldSbn = (old != null) ? old.sbn : null;
mListeners.notifyPostedLocked(n, oldSbn);
} else {
Slog.e(TAG, "Not posting notification without small icon: " + notification);
if (old != null && !old.isCanceled) {
mListeners.notifyRemovedLocked(n);
}
// ATTENTION: in a future release we will bail out here
// so that we do not play sounds, show lights, etc. for invalid
// notifications
Slog.e(TAG, "WARNING: In a future release this will crash the app: "
+ n.getPackageName());
}
// buzzBeepBlinkLocked方法负责对消息进行处理。
// 通知status bar显示该notification,确认是否需要声音，震动和闪光，如果需要，那么就发出声音，震动和闪光
buzzBeepBlinkLocked(r);
}
}
}最后调用buzzBeepBlinkLocked方法对消息进行处理。
void buzzBeepBlinkLocked(NotificationRecord record) {
boolean buzz = false;
boolean beep = false;
boolean blink = false;
final Notification notification = record.sbn.getNotification();
final String key = record.getKey();
// Should this notification make noise, vibe, or use the LED?是否需要声音、震动、led
final boolean aboveThreshold = record.getImportance() >= IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT;
final boolean canInterrupt = aboveThreshold && !record.isIntercepted();
if (DBG || record.isIntercepted())
Slog.v(TAG,
"pkg=" + record.sbn.getPackageName() + " canInterrupt=" + canInterrupt +
" intercept=" + record.isIntercepted()
);
final int currentUser;
final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
currentUser = ActivityManager.getCurrentUser();
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
}
// If we're not supposed to beep, vibrate, etc. then don't.
final String disableEffects = disableNotificationEffects(record);
if (disableEffects != null) {
ZenLog.traceDisableEffects(record, disableEffects);
}
// Remember if this notification already owns the notification channels.
boolean wasBeep = key != null && key.equals(mSoundNotificationKey);
boolean wasBuzz = key != null && key.equals(mVibrateNotificationKey);
// These are set inside the conditional if the notification is allowed to make noise.
boolean hasValidVibrate = false;
boolean hasValidSound = false;
boolean smsRingtone = false;
if (mCarrierConfig == null) {
mCarrierConfig = mConfigManager.getConfig();
} else {
smsRingtone = mCarrierConfig.getBoolean(
CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CONFIG_SMS_RINGTONE_INCALL);
}
if ((disableEffects == null || (smsRingtone && mInCall))
&& (record.getUserId() == UserHandle.USER_ALL ||
record.getUserId() == currentUser ||
mUserProfiles.isCurrentProfile(record.getUserId()))
&& canInterrupt
&& mSystemReady
&& mAudioManager != null) {
if (DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Interrupting!");
// should we use the default notification sound? (indicated either by
// DEFAULT_SOUND or because notification.sound is pointing at
// Settings.System.NOTIFICATION_SOUND)
final boolean useDefaultSound =
(notification.defaults & Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND) != 0 ||
Settings.System.DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI
.equals(notification.sound);
Uri soundUri = null;
if (useDefaultSound) {
soundUri = Settings.System.DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI;
// check to see if the default notification sound is silent
ContentResolver resolver = getContext().getContentResolver();
hasValidSound = Settings.System.getString(resolver,
Settings.System.NOTIFICATION_SOUND) != null;
} else if (notification.sound != null) {
soundUri = notification.sound;
hasValidSound = (soundUri != null);
}
// Does the notification want to specify its own vibration?
final boolean hasCustomVibrate = notification.vibrate != null;
// new in 4.2: if there was supposed to be a sound and we're in vibrate
// mode, and no other vibration is specified, we fall back to vibration
final boolean convertSoundToVibration =
!hasCustomVibrate
&& hasValidSound
&& (mAudioManager.getRingerModeInternal() == AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_VIBRATE);
// The DEFAULT_VIBRATE flag trumps any custom vibration AND the fallback.
final boolean useDefaultVibrate =
(notification.defaults & Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE) != 0;
hasValidVibrate = useDefaultVibrate || convertSoundToVibration ||
hasCustomVibrate;
// We can alert, and we're allowed to alert, but if the developer asked us to only do
// it once, and we already have, then don't.
if (!(record.isUpdate
&& (notification.flags & Notification.FLAG_ONLY_ALERT_ONCE) != 0)) {
sendAccessibilityEvent(notification, record.sbn.getPackageName());
if (hasValidSound) {
boolean looping =
(notification.flags & Notification.FLAG_INSISTENT) != 0;
AudioAttributes audioAttributes = audioAttributesForNotification(notification);
mSoundNotificationKey = key;
// do not play notifications if stream volume is 0 (typically because
// ringer mode is silent) or if there is a user of exclusive audio focus
if ((mAudioManager.getStreamVolume(
AudioAttributes.toLegacyStreamType(audioAttributes)) != 0)
&& !mAudioManager.isAudioFocusExclusive()) {
final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
final IRingtonePlayer player =
mAudioManager.getRingtonePlayer();
if (player != null) {
if (DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Playing sound " + soundUri
+ " with attributes " + audioAttributes);
player.playAsync(soundUri, record.sbn.getUser(), looping,
audioAttributes);
beep = true;
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
}
}
}
if (hasValidVibrate && !(mAudioManager.getRingerModeInternal()
== AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_SILENT)) {
mVibrateNotificationKey = key;
if (useDefaultVibrate || convertSoundToVibration) {
// Escalate privileges so we can use the vibrator even if the
// notifying app does not have the VIBRATE permission.
long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
mVibrator.vibrate(record.sbn.getUid(), record.sbn.getOpPkg(),
useDefaultVibrate ? mDefaultVibrationPattern
: mFallbackVibrationPattern,
((notification.flags & Notification.FLAG_INSISTENT) != 0)
? 0: -1, audioAttributesForNotification(notification));
buzz = true;
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
}
} else if (notification.vibrate.length > 1) {
// If you want your own vibration pattern, you need the VIBRATE
// permission
mVibrator.vibrate(record.sbn.getUid(), record.sbn.getOpPkg(),
notification.vibrate,
((notification.flags & Notification.FLAG_INSISTENT) != 0)
? 0: -1, audioAttributesForNotification(notification));
buzz = true;
}
}
}
}
// If a notification is updated to remove the actively playing sound or vibrate,
// cancel that feedback now
if (wasBeep && !hasValidSound) {
clearSoundLocked();
}
if (wasBuzz && !hasValidVibrate) {
clearVibrateLocked();
}
// light
// release the light
boolean wasShowLights = mLights.remove(key);
if ((notification.flags & Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS) != 0 && aboveThreshold
&& ((record.getSuppressedVisualEffects()
& NotificationListenerService.SUPPRESSED_EFFECT_SCREEN_OFF) == 0)) {
mLights.add(key);
updateLightsLocked();
if (mUseAttentionLight) {
mAttentionLight.pulse();
}
blink = true;
} else if (wasShowLights) {
updateLightsLocked();
}
if (buzz || beep || blink) {
if (((record.getSuppressedVisualEffects()
& NotificationListenerService.SUPPRESSED_EFFECT_SCREEN_OFF) != 0)) {
if (DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Suppressed SystemUI from triggering screen on");
} else {
EventLogTags.writeNotificationAlert(key,
buzz ? 1 : 0, beep ? 1 : 0, blink ? 1 : 0);
// 后将mBuzzBeepBlinked post到工作handler，最后会调用到mStatusBar.buzzBeepBlinked()
mHandler.post(mBuzzBeepBlinked);
}
}
}