问题描述
设停车场是一个可停放n辆车的狭长通道，且只有一个大门可供汽车进出。汽车在停车场内按车辆到达时间的先后顺序，依次由北向南排列，（大门在最南端，最先到达的第一辆车放在车场的最北端）。若停车场内已经停满n辆车，那么后来的车只能在门外的便道上等候。一旦有车开走，则排在便道上的第一辆车即可开入。当停车场内某车要离开时，在它之后进入的车辆必须先退出车场为它让路，待该车开出大门外，其他车辆再按原次序进入车场，每辆停放在车场的车在它离开时必须按它停留的时间长短缴纳费用。试为停车场编制按上述要求进行管理的模拟程序。
要求
根据各节点的信息，调用相应的函数或者语句，将节点入栈入队，出栈或者出对。
代码如下：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<time.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

int n = 0;
int money = 0;
time_t Time = 0;
struct Vehicle_Information//车辆信息
{
    char LicensePlateNumber[8];
    time_t ArriveTime;
    time_t LeaveTime;
    time_t Time;
    int Cost;
    Vehicle_Information()
        :ArriveTime(0)
        ,LeaveTime(0)
        ,Time(0)
        ,Cost(0)
    {
        *LicensePlateNumber = NULL;
    }
};

void delay()//延迟函数
{
    int n = 6;
    cout<<"*请等待";
    while(n)
    {
        Sleep(200);
        cout<<".";
        n--;
    }
    cout<<endl;
}
typedef struct Vehicle_Information Vehicle;

class Parking
{
public:

    bool IsParked()//判断停车场是否已停满车
    {
        if(Park.size() == n)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    bool Find0(char* num)//在停车场中查找
    {
        int count = 0;
        while(!Park.empty())
        {
            if(strcmp(Park.top().LicensePlateNumber,num) == 0)
            {
                count = 1;
                break;
            }
            GiveWay.push(Park.top());
            Park.pop();
        }
        if(!GiveWay.empty())
        {
            while(!GiveWay.empty())
            {
                Park.push(GiveWay.top());
                GiveWay.pop();
            }
        }
        if(count == 1)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    bool Find1(char *num)
    {
        queue<Vehicle> V;
        int count = 0;
        while(!Shortcut.empty())
        {
            if(strcmp(Shortcut.front().LicensePlateNumber,num) == 0)
            {
                count = 1;
                break;
            }
            V.push(Shortcut.front());
            Shortcut.pop();
        }
        if(!V.empty())
        {
            while(!V.empty())
            {
                Shortcut.push(V.front());
                V.pop();
            }
        }
        if(count == 1)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
    void Input()//输入车辆信息，并将车辆停入停车场
    {
        cout<<"*请输入所停车辆的信息："<<endl;
        cout<<"*车牌号：";
        cin>>Information.LicensePlateNumber;
        delay();
        if(Find0(Information.LicensePlateNumber))
        {
            cout<<"*请注意！您输入的号码为伪造号码！"<<endl;
            return;
        }
        if(Find1(Information.LicensePlateNumber))
        {
            cout<<"*请注意！您输入的号码为伪造号码！"<<endl;
            return;
        }
        if(!IsParked())
        {
            Information.ArriveTime = time(&Time);
            Park.push(Information);
            Sleep(100);
            cout<<"*车辆已停好！"<<endl;
        }
        else
        {
            Shortcut.push(Information);
            cout<<"*停车场已满！车辆已停入便道！"<<endl;
        }
    }
    void Output()//车辆离开停车场
    {
        if(Park.empty())
        {
            cout<<"*停车场已空！"<<endl;
        }
        cout<<"*请输入要离开车辆的车牌号：";
        char num[8] = {0};
        cin>>num;
        delay();
        int n = Park.size();
        while(!Park.empty())
        {
            if(strcmp(Park.top().LicensePlateNumber,num) == 0)
            {
                Park.top().LeaveTime = time(&Time);
                Park.top().Time = (int)(Park.top().LeaveTime - Park.top().ArriveTime );
                Park.top().Cost =(int)( Park.top().Time * money);
                CurrentVehicleInformation(Park.top());
                Park.pop();
                Sleep(100);
                cout<<"*车辆已驶离！"<<endl;
                break;
            }
            GiveWay.push(Park.top());
            Park.pop();
        }
        if(GiveWay.size() == n)
        {
            cout<<"*无此车牌号!"<<endl;
            return;
        }
        if(!GiveWay.empty())
        {
            while(!GiveWay.empty())
            {
                Park.push(GiveWay.top());
                GiveWay.pop();
            }
        }
    }
    void CurrentVehicleInformation(Vehicle V)//当前所操作车辆信息
    {
        printf("车牌号\t驶入时间\t当前时间\t停车时间\t当前费用\n");
        printf("%s\t",V.LicensePlateNumber);
        TimeTransform(&(V.ArriveTime));
        TimeTransform(&(V.LeaveTime));
        printf("%ds\t\t",V.Time);
        printf("%d元\n",V.Cost);
    }
    void ShortcutIn()//将便道上的车停入停车场
    {
        if(Shortcut.empty())
        {
            cout<<"*便道未停靠车辆！"<<endl;
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            if(Park.size() == n)
            {
                cout<<"*停车位已满！"<<endl;
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                Shortcut.front().ArriveTime = time(&Time);
                Park.push(Shortcut.front());
                Shortcut.pop();
                delay();
                cout<<"*车辆已停入车位！"<<endl;
            }
        }
    }
    void TimeMoney()//赋予车辆当前时间，用于计算当前费用
    {
        time_t t = time(&Time);
        while(!Park.empty())
        {
                Park.top().LeaveTime = t;
                Park.top().Time = (int)(Park.top().LeaveTime - Park.top().ArriveTime );
                Park.top().Cost =(int)( Park.top().Time * money);
                GiveWay.push(Park.top());
                Park.pop();
        }
        while(!GiveWay.empty())
        {
            Park.push(GiveWay.top());
            GiveWay.pop();
        }   
    }
    void ParkInformation()//停车场信息
    {
        cout<<"*当前停车场共有 "<<Park.size()<<" 辆车!"<<endl;
        cout<<"*剩余车位为："<<n-Park.size()<<endl;
        cout<<"*便道目前有 "<<Shortcut.size()<<" 辆车在等待停车"<<endl;
        if(!Park.empty())
        {
            TimeMoney();
            cout<<"*停车场所停车辆信息："<<endl;
            printf("车牌号\t驶入时间\t当前时间\t停车时间\t当前费用\n");    
            while(!Park.empty())
            {
                GiveWay.push(Park.top());
                Park.pop();
            }
            while(!GiveWay.empty())
            {
                printf("%s\t",GiveWay.top().LicensePlateNumber);
                TimeTransform(&(GiveWay.top().ArriveTime));
                TimeTransform(&(GiveWay.top().LeaveTime));
                printf("%ds\t\t",GiveWay.top().Time);
                printf("%d元\n",GiveWay.top().Cost);
                Park.push(GiveWay.top());
                GiveWay.pop();
            }

        }
    }
    void TimeTransform(time_t const *time_value)//时间转换
    {
        struct tm* p;
        p = localtime(time_value);
        printf("%d:%d:%d \t",p->tm_hour,p->tm_min,p->tm_sec);
    }
protected:
    Vehicle Information;
    stack<Vehicle> Park;//停车场
    stack<Vehicle> GiveWay;//让路
    queue<Vehicle> Shortcut;//便道
};

void Menu()
{
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"*************************************************************"<<endl;
    Sleep(200);
    cout<<" 菜单 "<<endl;
    Sleep(200);
    cout<<"*************************************************************"<<endl;
    Sleep(200);
    cout<<"************* 1.车辆入库 2.车辆驶离 ******************"<<endl;
    Sleep(200);
    cout<<"************* 3.便道车辆驶入 4.停车场内所有车辆信息 ******"<<endl;
    Sleep(200);
    cout<<"************* 5.退出 ****************************************"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    Parking P;
    cout<<"*************************************************************"<<endl;
    cout<<" 停车场管理系统 "<<endl;
    cout<<"*************************************************************"<<endl;
    cout<<"*请输入停车场的车位数："<<endl;
    cin>>n;
    cout<<"*请输入停车场每秒的停车费用："<<endl;
    cin>>money;
    if(n < 0)
    {
        n = 0;
    }
    while(n)
    {
        Menu();
        int count = 0;
        Sleep(500);
        cout<<"*请选择当前要进行的操作："<<endl;
        cin>>count;
        switch(count)
        {
            case 1:
                P.Input();
                break;
            case 2:
                P.Output();
                break;
            case 3:
                P.ShortcutIn();
                break;
            case 4:
                P.ParkInformation();
                break;
            case 5:
                cout<<"*已退出！"<<endl;
                exit(0);
                break;
            default:
                cout<<"*输入有误!"<<endl;
                break;

        }
    }
    if(n == 0)
    {
        cout<<"*您的停车场正在被强拆！";
        delay();
        cout<<"*停车场已拆除完毕！请输入大于0的车位进行重建！"<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}