操作系统中预防死锁的银行家算法，测试用例来自《计算机操作系统（第四版）》113页例题。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#define Process_Max 100                                         //进程数量最大值
#define Resource_Max 100                                        //资源种类最大值
using namespace std;
int Available[Resource_Max];                                    //系统当前每种资源可分配数
int Max[Process_Max][Resource_Max];                             //每个进程对每种资源最大需求
int Allocation[Process_Max][Resource_Max];                      //每个进程已分配资源
int Need[Process_Max][Resource_Max];                            //每个进程当前需求资源
int Work[Resource_Max];                                         //工作向量
int Finish[Process_Max];
int List[Process_Max];
int instruct=0;
int Process_Num=0,Resource_Num=0;
int List_Num=0;
void Input_OS()
{
    cout << "OS" << endl;
    instruct=0;
    while(Resource_Num<1){
        cout << "输入资源种类 Enter Resource_Num:" << endl;
        cin >> Resource_Num;
    }
    cout << "输入系统当前可利用资源数 Enter Available:" << endl;
    for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "R" << i << ":";
        cin >> Available[i];
    }
}
void Input_P()
{
    instruct=0;
    int a;
    cout << "Process" << endl;
    while(Process_Num<1){
        cout << "输入进程数 Enter Process_Num:" << endl;
        cin >> Process_Num;
    }
    for(int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "输入进程 P" << i << "的最大资源需求 Max:" << endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
        {
            cout << "R" << j << ":" ;
            cin >> Max[i][j];
        }
        cout << endl;
        cout << "输入进程 P" << i << "的已分配资源 Allocation:" << endl;
        cout << "输入 -1 设置该进程剩余已分配资源为 0 :" << endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
        {
            cout << "R" << j << ":" ;
            cin >> a;
            if(a<0){
                for(;j<Resource_Num;j++)Allocation[i][j]=0;
                break;
            }
            Allocation[i][j]=a;
        }
        cout << endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
            Need[i][j]=Max[i][j]-Allocation[i][j];
    }
}
void Reset_Finish()
{
    memset(Finish,0,sizeof(Finish));
    memset(Work,0,sizeof(Work));
    List_Num=0;
}

int Safe()                                                     //安全性算法
{
    int flag=0,Count=0;
    cout << "Safe" << endl;
    Reset_Finish();
    cout << "     Work      Need      Allocation      Work+Allocation      Finish"<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)Work[i]=Available[i];
    while(List_Num<Process_Num)
    {
        for(int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
        {
            if(!Finish[i])
            {
                flag = 0;
                for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
                {
                    if(Need[i][j]>Work[j])
                    {
                        flag=1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(!flag)
                {
                    List[List_Num++]=i;
                    cout << "P" << i <<"|";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
                    {
                        printf("%3d",Work[j]);
                        Work[j]+=Allocation[i][j];
                    }
                    cout << "|   ";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)printf("%3d",Need[i][j]);cout << "|   ";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)printf("%3d",Allocation[i][j]);cout << "|   ";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)printf("%3d",Work[j]);cout << "|   ";
                    Finish[i]=1;
                    printf("true\n");
                }
            }
        }
        Count++;
        if(Count>=Process_Num)break;
    }
    if(List_Num<Process_Num)
    {
        cout << "No safe List" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    else {
        cout << "Safe list exist" << endl;
        return 1;
    }
}
void Request()                                                  //银行家算法
{
    int pro,Request_Num[Resource_Max],inst=0;
    int flag=0;
    while(!inst)
    {
        cout << "输入发出请求的进程 Enter Process_Num:" << endl;
        cin>> pro;
        cout << "输入请求向量 Enter Request_Num:" <<endl;
        for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
        {
            cout << "R" << i << ":";
            cin>> Request_Num[i];
        }
        flag=0;
        for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
        {
            if(Request_Num[i]>Need[pro][i])
            {
                cout << "Error:Out of range" << endl;
                return;
            }
        }
        for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
        {
            if(Request_Num[i]>Available[i])
            {
                flag=1;
                cout <<"没有足够资源 等待..." << endl;
                cout << "No enough resource wait..." << endl;
            }
        }
        if(!flag)
        {
            for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
            {
                Available[i]-=Request_Num[i];
                Allocation[pro][i]+=Request_Num[i];
                Need[pro][i]-=Request_Num[i];
            }
            if(!Safe())
            {
                for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
                {
                    Available[i]+=Request_Num[i];
                    Allocation[pro][i]-=Request_Num[i];
                    Need[pro][i]+=Request_Num[i];
                }
            }
        }
        cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
        cout << "请输入指令:" << endl;
        cout << "1.继续输入请求 Request" << endl;
        cout << "2.退出到主界面 Return" << endl;
        cin >> inst;
        if(inst!=1)return;
        else inst=0;
    }
}

void Banker()                                                   //计算T0时刻安全序列
{
    instruct=0;
    int flag=0,Count=0,inst=0;
    cout << "Banker" << endl;
    cout << "     Work      Need      Allocation      Work+Allocation      Finish"<<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)Work[i]=Available[i];
    while(List_Num<Process_Num)                                 //银行家算法及安全性算法
    {

        for(int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
        {
            if(!Finish[i])
            {
                flag = 0;
                for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
                {
                    if(Need[i][j]>Work[j])
                    {
                        flag=1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(!flag)
                {
                    List[List_Num++]=i;
                    cout << "P" << i <<"|";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
                    {
                        printf("%3d",Work[j]);
                        Work[j]+=Allocation[i][j];
                    }
                    cout << "|   ";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)printf("%3d",Need[i][j]);cout << "|   ";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)printf("%3d",Allocation[i][j]);cout << "|   ";
                    for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)printf("%3d",Work[j]);cout << "|   ";
                    Finish[i]=1;
                    printf("true\n");
                }
            }
        }
        Count++;
        if(Count>=Process_Num)break;
    }
    if(List_Num<Process_Num)
    {
        cout << "No safe List" << endl;
        return;
    }
    else cout << "T0 safe list" << endl;
    Reset_Finish();
    cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "请输入指令:" << endl;
    cout << "1.输入请求向量 Request" << endl;
    cout << "2.退出到主页面 Return" << endl;
    cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
    cin >> inst;
    if(inst==1)Request();
    else inst=0;
}

void Shout()                                                    //输出系统与进程信息
{
    instruct=0;
    cout << "Shout" << endl;
    cout << "系统信息 OS:" << endl;
    cout << "资源种类 Resource_Num:" << Resource_Num << endl;
    cout << "当前可利用资源 Available:" << endl;
    for(int i=0;i<Resource_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "R" << i << ":" << Available[i] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "进程信息 Process:" << endl;
    cout << "最大需求 Max:" <<endl;
    for(int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "P" << i <<endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
        {
            cout << "R" << j << ":" << Max[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout <<endl;
    }
    cout << "已分配资源 Allocation:" << endl;
    for (int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "p" << i <<endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
        {
            cout << "R" << j << ":" << Allocation[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout <<endl;
    }
    cout << "需求矩阵 Need:" << endl;
    for (int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "p" << i <<endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
        {
            cout << "R" << j << ":" << Need[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout <<endl;
    }
    /*cout << "工作向量 Work:" << endl;
    for (int i=0;i<Process_Num;i++)
    {
        cout << "p" << i <<endl;
        for(int j=0;j<Resource_Num;j++)
        {
            cout << "R" << j << ":" << Work[j] << " ";
        }
        cout <<endl;
    }*/
    cout <<endl;
}
void Reset()                                                    //重置所有数据
{
    cout << "Reset" << endl;
    instruct=0;
    Process_Num=0;
    List_Num=0;
    Resource_Num=0;
    memset(Allocation,0,sizeof(Allocation));
    memset(Available,0,sizeof(Available));
    memset(Max,0,sizeof(Max));
    memset(Need,0,sizeof(Need));
    memset(Work,0,sizeof(Work));
    Reset_Finish();
}
int main()
{

    Reset();
    do{
    if(instruct==1)Input_OS();
    else if(instruct==2)Input_P();
    else if(instruct==3)Banker();
    else if(instruct==4)Shout();
    else if(instruct==5)Reset();
    else if(!instruct);
    else cout << "Error" << endl;
    cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "请输入指令:" << endl;
    cout << "1.输入系统信息 Input OS information" << endl;
    cout << "2.输入进程信息 Input Process information" << endl;
    cout << "3.执行银行家算法 Run Banker's" << endl;
    cout << "4.查看系统与进程信息 Print all information" << endl;
    cout << "5.重置所有信息 Reset" << endl;
    cout << "-1.退出 exit" << endl;
    cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
    }while(scanf("%d",&instruct)!=EOF&&instruct!=-1);
    return 0;
}




/*
测试用例：
1
3
3 3 2
2
5
7 5 3
0 1 0
3 2 2
2 0 0
9 0 2
3 0 2
2 2 2
2 1 1
4 3 3
0 0 2
3
1
1
1 0 2
1
4
3 3 0
1
0
0 2 0
1
0
0 1 0

*/

运行结果：

Reset
——————————
请输入指令:
1.输入系统信息 Input OS information
2.输入进程信息 Input Process information
3.执行银行家算法 Run Banker’s
4.查看系统与进程信息 Print all information
5.重置所有信息 Reset
-1.退出 exit
——————————
1
OS
输入资源种类 Enter Resource_Num:
3
输入系统当前可利用资源数 Enter Available:
R0:3 3 2
R1:R2:——————————
请输入指令:
1.输入系统信息 Input OS information
2.输入进程信息 Input Process information
3.执行银行家算法 Run Banker’s
4.查看系统与进程信息 Print all information
5.重置所有信息 Reset
-1.退出 exit
——————————
2
Process
输入进程数 Enter Process_Num:
5
输入进程 P0的最大资源需求 Max:
R0:7 5 3
R1:R2:
输入进程 P0的已分配资源 Allocation:
输入 -1 设置该进程剩余已分配资源为 0 :
R0:0 1 0
R1:R2:
输入进程 P1的最大资源需求 Max:
R0:3 2 2
R1:R2:
输入进程 P1的已分配资源 Allocation:
输入 -1 设置该进程剩余已分配资源为 0 :
R0:2 0 0
R1:R2:
输入进程 P2的最大资源需求 Max:
R0:9 0 2
R1:R2:
输入进程 P2的已分配资源 Allocation:
输入 -1 设置该进程剩余已分配资源为 0 :
R0:3 0 2
R1:R2:
输入进程 P3的最大资源需求 Max:
R0:2 2 2
R1:R2:
输入进程 P3的已分配资源 Allocation:
输入 -1 设置该进程剩余已分配资源为 0 :
R0:2 1 1
R1:R2:
输入进程 P4的最大资源需求 Max:
R0:4 3 3
R1:R2:
输入进程 P4的已分配资源 Allocation:
输入 -1 设置该进程剩余已分配资源为 0 :
R0:0 0 2
R1:R2:
——————————
请输入指令:
1.输入系统信息 Input OS information
2.输入进程信息 Input Process information
3.执行银行家算法 Run Banker’s
4.查看系统与进程信息 Print all information
5.重置所有信息 Reset
-1.退出 exit
——————————
3
Banker
     Work      Need      Allocation      Work+Allocation      Finish
P1|  3  3  2|     1  2  2|     2  0  0|     5  3  2|   true
P3|  5  3  2|     0  1  1|     2  1  1|     7  4  3|   true
P4|  7  4  3|     4  3  1|     0  0  2|     7  4  5|   true
P0|  7  4  5|     7  4  3|     0  1  0|     7  5  5|   true
P2|  7  5  5|     6  0  0|     3  0  2|    10  5  7|   true
T0 safe list
——————————
请输入指令:
1.输入请求向量 Request
2.退出到主页面 Return
——————————
1
输入发出请求的进程 Enter Process_Num:
1
输入请求向量 Enter Request_Num:
R0:1 0 2
R1:R2:Safe
     Work      Need      Allocation      Work+Allocation      Finish
P1|  2  3  0|     0  2  0|     3  0  2|     5  3  2|   true
P3|  5  3  2|     0  1  1|     2  1  1|     7  4  3|   true
P4|  7  4  3|     4  3  1|     0  0  2|     7  4  5|   true
P0|  7  4  5|     7  4  3|     0  1  0|     7  5  5|   true
P2|  7  5  5|     6  0  0|     3  0  2|    10  5  7|   true
Safe list exist
——————————
请输入指令:
1.继续输入请求 Request
2.退出到主界面 Return
1
输入发出请求的进程 Enter Process_Num:
4
输入请求向量 Enter Request_Num:
R0:3 3 0
R1:R2:没有足够资源 等待…
No enough resource wait…
——————————
请输入指令:
1.继续输入请求 Request
2.退出到主界面 Return
1
输入发出请求的进程 Enter Process_Num:
0
输入请求向量 Enter Request_Num:
R0:0 2 0
R1:R2:Safe
     Work      Need      Allocation      Work+Allocation      Finish
No safe List
——————————
请输入指令:
1.继续输入请求 Request
2.退出到主界面 Return
1
输入发出请求的进程 Enter Process_Num:
0
输入请求向量 Enter Request_Num:
R0:0 1 0
R1:R2:Safe
     Work      Need      Allocation      Work+Allocation      Finish
P1|  2  2  0|     0  2  0|     3  0  2|     5  2  2|   true
P3|  5  2  2|     0  1  1|     2  1  1|     7  3  3|   true
P4|  7  3  3|     4  3  1|     0  0  2|     7  3  5|   true
P0|  7  3  5|     7  3  3|     0  2  0|     7  5  5|   true
P2|  7  5  5|     6  0  0|     3  0  2|    10  5  7|   true
Safe list exist
——————————