1 在ubuntu中创建快捷方式

• 在/ust/local/下创建文件夹xxx，并准备下列文件：

xxx/
├── Icon
│ └── 128x128.png
├── xxx.desktop
└── xxx_app

png格式的图标在附件里面找到，.desktop文件编写如下：

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=weizhi
GenericName=Text Editor
Comment=Sophisticated text editor for code, markup and prose
Exec=/usr/local/xxx/xxx_app %F
Terminal=false
MimeType=text/plain;
Icon=/usr/local/xxx/Icon/128x128.png
Categories=TextEditor;Development;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=Window;Document;

[Desktop Action Window]
Name=New Window
Exec=/usr/local/xxx/xxx_app -n
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Document]
Name=New File
Exec=/usr/local/xxx/xxx_app --command new_file
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

主要是更改　Exec、Icon　所指向的路径，修改完毕后把此文件复制到/usr/share/applications/中即可在开始栏中搜索该图标；

2 安装、卸载脚本

为了避免上诉繁琐过程，可以用脚本来自动执行，只需要在程序所在文件夹下添加这三个文件：Icon/128x128.png、install.sh、uninstall.sh，添加完毕后，更改install.sh和uninstall.sh文件里的个别名称（有说明），然后在终端执行./install.sh即可把当前目录下的应用程序拷贝到/usr/local/下面，并添加快捷方式，文件目录结构如下：

.
├── Icon
│   └── 128x128.png   # 快捷方式图片
├── install.sh  # 安装脚本
├── my.sh  # 可执行应用程序
└── uninstall.sh # 卸载脚本

其中，图片需要自己制作，脚本install.sh和uninstall.sh填写的内容如下：

• install.sh

PROGRAM_NAME="app" # 项目名称（自己修改）
APP_NAME="my.sh" # 应用程序的相对路径（自己修改）
ICON_NAME="Icon/128x128.png" # 图标的相对路径（自己修改）

APP_DESKTOP=$PROGRAM_NAME".desktop"
INSTALL_PATH="/usr/local/"$PROGRAM_NAME"/"

if [ ! -f "$APP_NAME" ]; then
    echo "Error: can't find "$APP_NAME
    echo "Install failed!"
    exit
fi

if [ ! -f "$ICON_NAME" ]; then
    echo "Error: can't find "$ICON_NAME
    echo "Install failed!"
    exit
fi

echo "Installed in "$INSTALL_PATH"..."
if [ ! -f "$INSTALL_PATH" ]; then
    sudo mkdir $INSTALL_PATH
fi
sudo cp * $INSTALL_PATH -rf

echo "Creat "$APP_DESKTOP"..."

Exec=$INSTALL_PATH$APP_NAME
Icon=$INSTALL_PATH$ICON_NAME

if [ -f "$APP_DESKTOP" ]; then
    rm $APP_DESKTOP
fi

echo "[Desktop Entry]" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Version=1.0" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Type=Application" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Name="$PROGRAM_NAME >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "GenericName=Text Editor" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Comment=Sophisticated text editor for code, markup and prose" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Exec="$Exec" %F" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Terminal=false" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "MimeType=text/plain;" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Icon="$Icon >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Categories=TextEditor;Development;" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "StartupNotify=true" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Actions=Window;Document;" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "[Desktop Action Window]" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Name=New Window" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Exec="$Exec" -n" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "OnlyShowIn=Unity;" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "[Desktop Action Document]" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Name=New File" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "Exec="$Exec" --command new_file" >> $APP_DESKTOP
echo "OnlyShowIn=Unity;" >> $APP_DESKTOP

sudo mv $APP_DESKTOP /usr/share/applications/

echo "Install success!"

• unintall.sh

PROGRAM_NAME="app" # 项目名称（自己修改）
APP_DESKTOP=$PROGRAM_NAME".desktop"
INSTALL_PATH="/usr/local/"$PROGRAM_NAME"/"

sudo rm /usr/share/applications/$APP_DESKTOP
sudo rm $INSTALL_PATH -rf

echo "Uninstall success!"