VBA导入CSV为文本格式

Excel导入CSV时，会自动转换一些列的格式，特别是数值格式，非常烦。

找到以下VBA导入CSV为文本格式的方法，亲测可行。

先打开文件获取列数，将每一列的格式都设置为xlTextFormat, 然后再赋值给QueryTable.TextFileColumnDataTypes。

Public Sub ImportCSVAsText()
    Dim TempWorkbook As Workbook
    Dim TempWorksheet As Worksheet
    Dim ColumnCount As Integer
    Dim FileName As Variant
    Dim ColumnArray() As Integer

    'Get the file name
    FileName = Application.GetOpenFilename(FileFilter:="All Files (*.*),*.*", FilterIndex:=1, Title:="Select the CSV file", MultiSelect:=False)

    If FileName = False Then Exit Sub

    Application.ScreenUpdating = False

    'Open the file temporarily to get the count of columns
    Set TempWorkbook = Workbooks.Open(FileName)
    ColumnCount = TempWorkbook.Sheets(1).Range("A1").SpecialCells(xlCellTypeLastCell).Column
    TempWorkbook.Close SaveChanges:=False

    'Resize the array to number of columns
    ReDim ColumnArray(1 To ColumnCount)

    For i = 1 To ColumnCount
        ColumnArray(i) = xlTextFormat
    Next i

    Set TempWorkbook = Workbooks.Add
    Set TempWorksheet = TempWorkbook.Sheets(1)

    With TempWorksheet.QueryTables.Add("TEXT;" & FileName, TempWorksheet.Cells(1, 1))
        .FieldNames = True
        .RowNumbers = False
        .FillAdjacentFormulas = False
        .PreserveFormatting = True
        .RefreshOnFileOpen = False
        .RefreshStyle = xlInsertDeleteCells
        .SavePassword = False
        .SaveData = True
        .AdjustColumnWidth = True
        .RefreshPeriod = 0
        .TextFilePromptOnRefresh = False
        .TextFilePlatform = 1251
        .TextFileStartRow = 1
        .TextFileParseType = xlDelimited
        .TextFileTextQualifier = xlTextQualifierDoubleQuote
        .TextFileConsecutiveDelimiter = False
        .TextFileTabDelimiter = False
        .TextFileSemicolonDelimiter = False
        .TextFileCommaDelimiter = True
        .TextFileSpaceDelimiter = False
        .TextFileColumnDataTypes = ColumnArray
        .TextFileTrailingMinusNumbers = True
        .Refresh BackgroundQuery:=False
    End With

End Sub

中文乱码问题

修改配置TextFilePlatform = 65001，问题解决。

简单来说就是设置导入源文件的编码, 65001对应的是utf-8，编码的对应数值可以在手动导入CSV文件向导里看到。

QueryTable.TextFilePlatform property (Excel)

Returns or sets the origin of the text file that you are importing into the query table. This property determines which code page is used during the data import. Read/write XlPlatform.

Remarks

The default value is the current setting of the File Origin option in the Text File Import Wizard.
Use this property only when your query table is based on data from a text file (with the QueryType property set to xlTextImport).
If you import data by using the user interface, data from a web query or a text query is imported as a QueryTable object, while all other external data is imported as a ListObject object.
If you import data by using the object model, data from a web query or a text query must be imported as a QueryTable, while all other external data can be imported as either a ListObject or a QueryTable.
The TextFilePlatform property applies only to QueryTable objects.

Reference

• https://superuser.com/questions/307496/how-can-i-set-excel-to-always-import-all-columns-of-csv-files-as-text
• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.querytable.textfileplatform