mysql数据库只读 改成正常_MySQL数据库设置为只读及测试【转】

转自

mysql只读模式的设置方法与实验 – yumushui的专栏 – CSDN博客

http://blog.csdn.net/yumushui/article/details/41645469

在MySQL数据库中,在进行数据迁移和从库只读状态设置时,都会涉及到只读状态和Master-slave的设置和关系。

经过实际测试,对于mysql单实例数据库和master库,如果需要设置为只读状态,需要进行如下操作和设置:

将MySQL设置为只读状态的命令:

# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> show global variables like “%read_only%”;

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

mysql> set global read_only=1;

mysql> show global variables like “%read_only%”;

将MySQL从只读设置为读写状态的命令:

mysql>unlock tables;

mysql> set global read_only=0;

对于需要保证master-slave主从同步的salve库,如果要设置为只读状态,需要执行的命令为:

mysql> set global read_only=1;

将salve库从只读状态变为读写状态,需要执行的命令是:

mysql> set global read_only=0;

对于数据库读写状态,主要靠 “read_only”全局参数来设定;默认情况下,数据库是用于读写操作的,所以read_only参数也是0或faluse状态,这时候不论是本地用户还是远程访问数据库的用户,都可以进行读写操作;如需设置为只读状态,将该read_only参数设置为1或TRUE状态,但设置 read_only=1 状态有两个需要注意的地方:

1.read_only=1只读模式,不会影响slave同步复制的功能,所以在MySQL slave库中设定了read_only=1后,通过 show slave status\G 命令查看salve状态,可以看到salve仍然会读取master上的日志,并且在slave库中应用日志,保证主从数据库同步一致;

2.read_only=1只读模式,可以限定普通用户进行数据修改的操作,但不会限定具有super权限的用户的数据修改操作;在MySQL中设置read_only=1后,普通的应用用户进行insert、update、delete等会产生数据变化的DML操作时,都会报出数据库处于只读模式不能发生数据变化的错误,但具有super权限的用户,例如在本地或远程通过root用户登录到数据库,还是可以进行数据变化的DML操作;

为了确保所有用户,包括具有super权限的用户也不能进行读写操作,就需要执行给所有的表加读锁的命令 “flush tables with read lock;”,这样使用具有super权限的用户登录数据库,想要发生数据变化的操作时,也会提示表被锁定不能修改的报错。

这样通过 设置“read_only=1”和“flush tables with read lock;”两条命令,就可以确保数据库处于只读模式,不会发生任何数据改变,在MySQL进行数据库迁移时,限定master主库不能有任何数据变化,就可以通过这种方式来设定。

但同时由于加表锁的命令对数据库表限定非常严格,如果再slave从库上执行这个命令后,slave库可以从master读取binlog日志,但不能够应用日志,slave库不能发生数据改变,当然也不能够实现主从同步了,这时如果使用 “unlock tables;”解除全局的表读锁,slave就会应用从master读取到的binlog日志,继续保证主从库数据库一致同步。所以从库slave不要使用 “flush tables with read lock;” 否则无法写入数据同步。

为了保证主从同步可以一直进行,在slave库上要保证具有super权限的root等用户只能在本地登录,不会发生数据变化,其他远程连接的应用用户只按需分配为select,insert,update,delete等权限,保证没有super权限,则只需要将salve设定“read_only=1”模式,即可保证主从同步,又可以实现从库只读。

相对的,设定“read_only=1”只读模式开启的解锁命令为设定“read_only=0”;设定全局锁“flush tables with read lock;”,对应的解锁模式命令为:“unlock tables;”.

当然设定了read_only=1后,所有的select查询操作都是可以正常进行的。

实验一:设置了read_only=1后,远程业务用户进行数据库修改会提示ERROR 1290错误

(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>show tables;+——————+

| Tables_in_data03 |

+——————+

| t01 |

| t02 |

| user |

+——————+

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]> show global variables like “%read_only%”;+——————+——-+

| Variable_name | Value |

+——————+——-+

| innodb_read_only | OFF |

| read_only | ON |

| tx_read_only | OFF |

+——————+——-+

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]> delete from t01 where id1=3;ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the –read-only option so it cannot execute this statement(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]> update t01 set id1=id1+30 where id1=3;

ERROR1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the –read-only option so it cannot execute thisstatement

(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]> insert into t01(id1,a1,b1) values(9,9,9);

ERROR1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the –read-only option so it cannot execute thisstatement

(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]> select * fromt01;+—–+——+——+

| id1 | a1 | b1 |

+—–+——+——+

| 1 | 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 2 | 2 |

| 4 | 4 | 4 |

| 5 | 5 | 5 |

| 6 | 6 | 6 |

+—–+——+——+

5 rows in set (0.00sec)

(test01@172.32.1.200) [data03]>

实验二:设定了全局读写后,具有super权限的用户进行数据修改后,也会提示错误ERROR 1223:

mysql>use data03;

Reading table informationforcompletion of table and column names

You can turn offthis feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql>show tables;+——————+

| Tables_in_data03 |

+——————+

| t01 |

| t02 |

| user |

+——————+

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select * fromt01;+—–+——+——+

| id1 | a1 | b1 |

+—–+——+——+

| 1 | 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 2 | 2 |

| 4 | 4 | 4 |

| 5 | 5 | 5 |

| 6 | 6 | 6 |

+—–+——+——+

5 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql> show global variables like “%read_only%”;+——————+——-+

| Variable_name | Value |

+——————+——-+

| innodb_read_only | OFF |

| read_only | ON |

| tx_read_only | OFF |

+——————+——-+

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql>mysql> insert into t01(id1,a1,b1) values(8,8,8);

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)

mysql> update t01 set a1=a1+10 where id1=2;

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)

Rows matched:1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> delete from t01 where id1=4;

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)

mysql> select * fromt01;+—–+——+——+

| id1 | a1 | b1 |

+—–+——+——+

| 1 | 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 12 | 2 |

| 5 | 5 | 5 |

| 6 | 6 | 6 |

| 8 | 8 | 8 |

+—–+——+——+

5 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql> insert into t01(id1,a1,b1) values(9,9,9);ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can’t execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock

mysql>mysql> update t01 set a1=a1+10 where id1=5;

ERROR1223 (HY000): Can’t execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock

mysql>mysql> delete from t01 where id1=5;

ERROR1223 (HY000): Can’t execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock

mysql>mysql>

实验三:MySQL从库设定read_only=1后主从同步正常,设定表读锁后,不能同步,解除读锁后,主从同步恢复。

mysql>mysql>show databases;+——————–+

| Database |

+——————–+

| information_schema |

| bitvc |

| data03 |

| ga |

| jiradb |

| meibi |

| meibi02 |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sbtest |

+——————–+

10 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql>mysql>mysql> show global variables like “%read_only%”;+——————+——-+

| Variable_name | Value |

+——————+——-+

| innodb_read_only | OFF |

| read_only | ON |

| tx_read_only | OFF |

+——————+——-+

3 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql>show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waitingfor master to send eventMaster_Host:172.32.1.200Master_User: repl

Master_Port:3307Connect_Retry:60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009Read_Master_Log_Pos:5853Relay_Log_File: huobiDBtest-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos:6016Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno:0Last_Error:

Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:5853Relay_Log_Space:6195Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master:0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id:2003307Master_UUID: 6f68eea7-76e9-11e4-8f99-00221904cd5d

Master_Info_File:/data/mysqldata/3308/data/master.info

SQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waitingfor the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position:0

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

mysql>show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waitingfor master to send eventMaster_Host:172.32.1.200Master_User: repl

Master_Port:3307Connect_Retry:60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009Read_Master_Log_Pos:6531Relay_Log_File: huobiDBtest-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos:6016Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno:0Last_Error:

Skip_Counter:0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 5853Relay_Log_Space:6873Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master:120Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id:2003307Master_UUID: 6f68eea7-76e9-11e4-8f99-00221904cd5d

Master_Info_File:/data/mysqldata/3308/data/master.info

SQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Waitingfor global read lockMaster_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position:0

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql>mysql> select * fromdata03.t01;+—–+——+——+

| id1 | a1 | b1 |

+—–+——+——+

| 1 | 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 2 | 2 |

| 4 | 4 | 4 |

| 5 | 5 | 5 |

| 6 | 6 | 6 |

+—–+——+——+

5 rows in set (0.00sec)

mysql>mysql>unlock tables;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

mysql>show slave status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waitingfor master to send eventMaster_Host:172.32.1.200Master_User: repl

Master_Port:3307Connect_Retry:60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009Read_Master_Log_Pos:6531Relay_Log_File: huobiDBtest-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos:6694Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno:0Last_Error:

Skip_Counter:0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 6531Relay_Log_Space:6873Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master:0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id:2003307Master_UUID: 6f68eea7-76e9-11e4-8f99-00221904cd5d

Master_Info_File:/data/mysqldata/3308/data/master.info

SQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waitingfor the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position:0

1 row in set (0.00sec)

mysql> select * fromdata03.t01;+—–+——+——+

| id1 | a1 | b1 |

+—–+——+——+

| 1 | 1 | 1 |

| 2 | 12 | 2 |

| 5 | 5 | 5 |

| 6 | 6 | 6 |

| 8 | 8 | 8 |

+—–+——+——+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    原文作者:西游东行
    原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_33218378/article/details/113196447
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