PL/SQL常用语法及举例

PLSQL语句

DECLARE 声明部分

BEGIN 程序编写,SQL语句

EXECPTION 处理异常

END;

/

声明部分(DECLARE)

SQL> set serveroutput on –打开输出

SQL> declare

  2  v_num number;

  3  begin

  4  v_num:=30;

  5  dbms_output.put_line(‘V_NUM’||v_num);

  6  end;

  7  /

V_NUM30

查找empno为7900的员工的名字

declare

v1 scott.emp.ename%type;

v2 scott.emp.sal%type;

begin

select ename,sal into v1,v2 from scott.emp where empno=7900;

dbms_output.put_line(‘ename:’||v1);

dbms_output.put_line(‘sal:’||v2);

end;

/

set serveroutput on

/

查找雇员号和姓名

set serveroutput on

declare

   v_eno number;

   v_ename varchar2(10);

   begin

   v_eno:=&empno;

   select ename into v_ename from emp where empno=v_eno;

   dbms_output.put_line(‘number:’||v_eno||’name:’||v_ename);

   end;

   /

求平均工资

SQL> !vi test.sql

SQL> !cat test.sql

declare

v_avgsal number(6,2);

begin

select avg(sal) into v_avgsal from scott.emp where deptno=&no;

dbms_output.put_line(‘avg_sal:’||v_avgsal);

end;

SQL> @test.sql

  7  /

Enter value for no: 20

old   4: select avg(sal) into v_avgsal from scott.emp where deptno=&no;

new   4: select avg(sal) into v_avgsal from scott.emp where deptno=20;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

声明变量的语法

组成:

CONSTANT:定义常量

NOT NULL:表示此变量不允许设置为NULL

:=value:表示在变量声明时,设置好其初始化内容

DECLARE

V_resultA CONSTANT NUMBER NOT NULL:=100;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(‘v_resultA常量内容:’||(v_resultA));

END;

/

使用%TYPE声明变量类型(对列类型赋值)

DECLARE

eno emp.emono%TYPE;

ename emp.ename%TYPE;

BEGIN

  DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(请输入雇员编号:);

  dbms_output.put_line(‘sal:’||v2);

end;

使用%ROWTYPE标记可以定义表中一行记录的类型(对行类型赋值)

SQL> DECLARE

  2  deptRow dept%ROWTYPE;

  3  BEGIN

  4  SELECT * INTO deptRow FROM dept WHERE deptno=10;

  5  DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(‘deptno:’||deptRow.deptno||’,name:’||deptRow.dname||’,loc:’||deptRow.loc);

  6  end;

  7  /

使用关系运算符

DECLARE

        v_url VARCHAR2(50):=’www.vdedu.com.cn’;

        v_num1 NUMBER:=80;

        v_num2 NUMBER:=30;

BEGIN

        IF v_num1>v_num2 THEN

                DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(‘A’);

        END IF;

        IF v_url LIKE ‘%vdedu%’ THEN

                DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(‘includes vdedu’);

        END IF;

END;

 

 

AND   OR   NOT运算符

 

DECLARE

v_flag1 BOOLEAN:=TRUE;

v_flag2 BOOLEAN:=FALSE;

v_flag3 BOOLEAN;

BEGIN

IF v_flag1 and (NOT v_flag2) THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘1’);

END IF;

IF v_flag1 or v_flag3 THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘2’);

END IF;

IF v_flag1 and v_flag3 is null THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘3’);

END IF;

END;

 

    原文作者:SQL
    原文地址: https://www.cnblogs.com/kawashibara/p/8995423.html
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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