zigbee网络拓扑类型
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.
网络拓扑是网络布置的示意图，它通过连接线连接各个节点(发送者和接收者)。
总线拓扑 (BUS Topology)
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.
总线拓扑是一种网络类型，其中每台计算机和网络设备都连接到单根电缆。 当它有两个端点时，就称为线性总线拓扑 。
总线拓扑的特征 (Features of Bus Topology)
It transmits data only in one direction.
它仅在一个方向上传输数据。
Every device is connected to a single cable
每个设备都连接到一根电缆
总线拓扑的优点 (Advantages of Bus Topology)
It is cost effective.
具有成本效益。
Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
与其他网络拓扑相比，所需的电缆最少。
Used in small networks.
用于小型网络。
It is easy to understand.
很容易理解。
Easy to expand joining two cables together.
易于扩展，将两根电缆连接在一起。
总线拓扑的缺点 (Disadvantages of Bus Topology)
Cables fails then whole network fails.
电缆出现故障，然后整个网络出现故障。
If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases.
如果网络通信繁忙或节点较多，则网络性能会降低。
Cable has a limited length.
电缆长度有限。
It is slower than the ring topology.
它比环形拓扑要慢。
RING拓扑 (RING Topology)
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbours for each device.
之所以称为环形拓扑，是因为当每台计算机连接到另一台计算机时，它形成一个环，最后一台计算机连接到第一台计算机。 每个设备恰好有两个邻居。
环形拓扑的特征 (Features of Ring Topology)
A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.
大量中继器用于具有大量节点的环形拓扑，因为如果有人要向环形拓扑中具有100个节点的最后一个节点发送一些数据，则数据将必须通过99个节点才能到达第100个节点。 因此，为了防止数据丢失，在网络中使用中继器。
The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
传输是单向的，但是可以通过在每个网络节点之间建立2个连接来实现双向传输，这被称为双环拓扑 。
In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup, to keep the network up.
在双环拓扑中，形成了两个环网，并且其中的数据流方向相反。 同样，如果一个环故障，则第二个环可以充当备份，以保持网络正常运行。
Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.
数据以逐位的顺序传输。 传输的数据必须经过网络的每个节点，直到目的地节点。
环形拓扑的优点 (Advantages of Ring Topology)
Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.
传输网络不受高流量或添加更多节点的影响，因为只有具有令牌的节点才能传输数据。
Cheap to install and expand
便宜的安装和扩展
环形拓扑的缺点 (Disadvantages of Ring Topology)
Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
在环形拓扑中很难进行故障排除。
Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
添加或删除计算机会干扰网络活动。
Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.
一台计算机的故障会干扰整个网络。
STAR拓扑 (STAR Topology)
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.
在这种拓扑结构中，所有计算机都通过电缆连接到单个集线器。 该集线器是中央节点，所有其他节点都连接到中央节点。
星型拓扑的特征 (Features of Star Topology)
Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
每个节点都有与集线器的专用连接。
Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
集线器充当数据流的转发器。
Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or coaxial cable.
可以与双绞线，光纤或同轴电缆一起使用。
星型拓扑的优点 (Advantages of Star Topology)
Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
节点少，网络流量低的快速性能。
Hub can be upgraded easily.
集线器可以轻松升级。
Easy to troubleshoot.
易于排除故障。
Easy to setup and modify.
易于设置和修改。
Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.
只有受影响的该节点已发生故障，其余节点才能正常工作。
星型拓扑的缺点 (Disadvantages of Star Topology)
Cost of installation is high.
安装成本高。
Expensive to use.
使用昂贵。
If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on the hub.
如果集线器发生故障，则整个网络将停止，因为所有节点都依赖于集线器。
Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity
性能基于集线器，而集线器取决于其容量
MESH拓扑 (MESH Topology)
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
它是与其他节点或设备的点对点连接。 所有网络节点都相互连接。 Mesh具有n(n-1)/2物理通道来链接n设备。
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, they are :
通过网状拓扑传输数据有两种技术，它们是：
Routing
路由
Flooding
洪水
MESH拓扑：路由 (MESH Topology: Routing)
In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like routing logic to direct the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic which has information about the broken links, and it avoids those node etc. We can even have routing logic, to re-configure the failed nodes.
在路由中，根据网络要求，节点具有路由逻辑。 就像路由逻辑一样，使用最短的距离将数据定向到目的地。 或者，路由逻辑具有有关断开的链接的信息，并且可以避免那些节点等。我们甚至可以使用路由逻辑来重新配置发生故障的节点。
MESH拓扑：泛洪 (MESH Topology: Flooding)
In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing logic is required. The network is robust, and the its very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted load over the network.
在泛洪中，相同的数据将传输到所有网络节点，因此不需要路由逻辑。 网络很健壮，丢失数据的可能性很小。 但这会导致网络上不必要的负载。
网格拓扑的类型 (Types of Mesh Topology)
Partial Mesh Topology : In this topology some of the systems are connected in the same fashion as mesh topology but some devices are only connected to two or three devices.
部分网状拓扑：在此拓扑中，某些系统的连接方式与网状拓扑相同，但某些设备仅连接到两个或三个设备。
Full Mesh Topology : Each and every nodes or devices are connected to each other.
全网状拓扑：每个节点或设备相互连接。
网格拓扑的特征 (Features of Mesh Topology)
Fully connected.
完全连接。
Robust.
强大的。
Not flexible.
不灵活。
网格拓扑的优点 (Advantages of Mesh Topology)
Each connection can carry its own data load.
每个连接可以承载自己的数据负载。
It is robust.
它很健壮。
Fault is diagnosed easily.
故障很容易诊断。
Provides security and privacy.
提供安全性和私密性。
网格拓扑的缺点 (Disadvantages of Mesh Topology)
Installation and configuration is difficult.
安装和配置很困难。
Cabling cost is more.
布线成本更高。
Bulk wiring is required.
需要散装接线。
TREE拓扑 (TREE Topology)
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.
它有一个根节点，所有其他节点都连接到它，形成一个层次结构。 也称为分层拓扑。 它至少应具有三个层次结构。
树形拓扑的特征 (Features of Tree Topology)
Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
如果工作站成组放置，则是理想选择。
Used in Wide Area Network.
用于广域网。
树形拓扑的优点 (Advantages of Tree Topology)
Extension of bus and star topologies.
总线和星形拓扑的扩展。
Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
节点的扩展是可能且容易的。
Easily managed and maintained.
易于管理和维护。
Error detection is easily done.
错误检测很容易完成。
树形拓扑的缺点 (Disadvantages of Tree Topology)
Heavily cabled.
重布线。
Costly.
昂贵。
If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
如果添加更多节点，维护将很困难。
Central hub fails, network fails.
中央集线器出现故障，网络出现故障。
混合拓扑 (HYBRID Topology)
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies. For example if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).
这是两种不同类型的拓扑，是两种或多种拓扑的混合。 例如，如果在办公室中使用一个部门的环形拓扑，而在另一个星形拓扑中使用，则连接这些拓扑将导致混合拓扑(环形拓扑和星形拓扑)。
混合拓扑的特征 (Features of Hybrid Topology)
It is a combination of two or topologies
它是两种或两种拓扑的组合
Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included
继承所包含拓扑的优缺点
混合拓扑的优点 (Advantages of Hybrid Topology)
Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
可靠，因为错误检测和故障排除很容易。
Effective.
有效。
Scalable as size can be increased easily.
可扩展，因为大小可以轻松增加。
Flexible.
灵活。
混合拓扑的缺点 (Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology)
Complex in design.
设计复杂。
Costly.
昂贵。
翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/network-topology-types
zigbee网络拓扑类型
