A zero-indexed array A consisting of N different integers is given. The array contains all integers in the range [0, N – 1].
Sets S[K] for 0 <= K < N are defined as follows:
S[K] = { A[K], A[A[K]], A[A[A[K]]], … }.
Sets S[K] are finite for each K and should NOT contain duplicates.
Write a function that given an array A consisting of N integers, return the size of the largest set S[K] for this array.
Example 1:
Input: A = [5,4,0,3,1,6,2] Output: 4 Explanation: A[0] = 5, A[1] = 4, A[2] = 0, A[3] = 3, A[4] = 1, A[5] = 6, A[6] = 2.
One of the longest S[K]: S[0] = {A[0], A[5], A[6], A[2]} = {5, 6, 2, 0}
Note:
- N is an integer within the range [1, 20,000].
- The elements of A are all distinct.
- Each element of array A is an integer within the range [0, N-1].
这道题让我们找嵌套数组的最大个数,给的数组总共有n个数字,范围均在[0, n-1]之间,题目中也把嵌套数组的生成解释的很清楚了,其实就是值变成坐标,得到的数值再变坐标。那么实际上当循环出现的时候,嵌套数组的长度也不能再增加了,而出现的这个相同的数一定是嵌套数组的首元素,博主刚开始没有想清楚这一点,以为出现重复数字的地方可能是嵌套数组中间的某个位置,于是用个set将生成的嵌套数组存入,然后每次查找新生成的数组是否已经存在。而且还以原数组中每个数字当作嵌套数组的起始数字都算一遍,结果当然是TLE了。其实对于遍历过的数字,我们不用再将其当作开头来计算了,而是只对于未遍历过的数字当作嵌套数组的开头数字,不过在进行嵌套运算的时候,并不考虑中间的数字是否已经访问过,而是只要找到和起始位置相同的数字位置,然后更新结果res,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: int arrayNesting(vector<int>& nums) { int n = nums.size(), res = INT_MIN; vector<bool> visited(n, false); for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) { if (visited[nums[i]]) continue; res = max(res, helper(nums, i, visited)); } return res; } int helper(vector<int>& nums, int start, vector<bool>& visited) { int i = start, cnt = 0; while (cnt == 0 || i != start) { visited[i] = true; i = nums[i]; ++cnt; } return cnt; } };
下面这种方法写法上更简洁一些,思路完全一样,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: int arrayNesting(vector<int>& nums) { int n = nums.size(), res = INT_MIN; vector<bool> visited(n, false); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (visited[nums[i]]) continue; int cnt = 0, j = i; while(cnt == 0 || j != i) { visited[j] = true; j = nums[j]; ++cnt; } res = max(res, cnt); } return res; } };
下面这种解法是网友@edyyy提醒博主的,我们可以优化解法二的空间,我们并不需要专门的数组来记录数组是否被遍历过,而是我们在遍历的过程中,将其交换到其应该出现的位置上,因为如果某个数出现在正确的位置上,那么它一定无法组成嵌套数组,这样就相当于我们标记了其已经访问过了,思路确实很赞啊,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: int arrayNesting(vector<int>& nums) { int n = nums.size(), res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { int cnt = 1; while (nums[i] != i && nums[i] != nums[nums[i]]) { swap(nums[i], nums[nums[i]]); ++cnt; } res = max(res, cnt); } return res; } };
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/90537/this-is-actually-dfs
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/90538/c-java-clean-code-o-n