[LeetCode] Maximal Rectangle 最大矩形

 

Given a 2D binary matrix filled with 0’s and 1’s, find the largest rectangle containing all ones and return its area.

 

此题是之前那道的 Largest Rectangle in Histogram 直方图中最大的矩形 的扩展,这道题的二维矩阵每一层向上都可以看做一个直方图,输入矩阵有多少行,就可以形成多少个直方图,对每个直方图都调用 Largest Rectangle in Histogram 直方图中最大的矩形 中的方法,就可以得到最大的矩形面积。那么这道题唯一要做的就是将每一层构成直方图,由于题目限定了输入矩阵的字符只有 ‘0’ 和 ‘1’ 两种,所以处理起来也相对简单。方法是,对于每一个点,如果是‘0’,则赋0,如果是 ‘1’,就赋 之前的height值加上1。具体参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    int maximalRectangle(vector<vector<char> > &matrix) {
        int res = 0;
        vector<int> height;
        for (int i = 0; i < matrix.size(); ++i) {
            height.resize(matrix[i].size());
            for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].size(); ++j) {
                height[j] = matrix[i][j] == '0' ? 0 : (1 + height[j]);
            }
            res = max(res, largestRectangleArea(height));
        }
        return res;
    }
    int largestRectangleArea(vector<int> &height) {
        int res = 0;
        stack<int> s;
        height.push_back(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < height.size(); ++i) {
            if (s.empty() || height[s.top()] <= height[i]) s.push(i);
            else {
                int tmp = s.top();
                s.pop();
                res = max(res, height[tmp] * (s.empty() ? i : (i - s.top() - 1)));
                --i;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

我们也可以在一个函数内完成,这样代码看起来更加简洁一些:

 

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int maximalRectangle(vector<vector<char>>& matrix) {
        if (matrix.empty() || matrix[0].empty()) return 0;
        int res = 0, m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
        vector<int> height(n + 1, 0);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            stack<int> s;
            for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; ++j) {
                if (j < n) {
                    height[j] = matrix[i][j] == '1' ? height[j] + 1 : 0;
                }
                while (!s.empty() && height[s.top()] >= height[j]) {
                    int cur = s.top(); s.pop();
                    res = max(res, height[cur] * (s.empty() ? j : (j - s.top() - 1)));
                }
                s.push(j);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

下面这种方法的思路很巧妙,height数组和上面一样,这里的left数组表示左边界是1的位置,right数组表示右边界是1的位置,那么对于任意一行的第j个位置,矩形为(right[j] – left[j]) * height[j],我们举个例子来说明,比如给定矩阵为:

[
  [1, 1, 0, 0, 1],
  [0, 1, 0, 0, 1],
  [0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
  [0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
  [0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
]

第0行:

h: 1 1 0 0 1
l: 0 0 0 0 4
r: 2 2 5 5 5 

 

第1行:

h: 1 1 0 0 1
l: 0 0 0 0 4
r: 2 2 5 5 5 

 

第2行:

h: 0 0 1 1 3
l: 0 0 2 2 4
r: 5 5 5 5 5

 

第3行:

h: 0 0 2 2 4
l: 0 0 2 2 4
r: 5 5 5 5 5

 

第4行:

h: 0 0 0 0 5
l: 0 0 0 0 4
r: 5 5 5 5 5 

 

解法三:

class Solution {
public:
    int maximalRectangle(vector<vector<char>>& matrix) {
        if (matrix.empty() || matrix[0].empty()) return 0;
        int res = 0, m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
        vector<int> height(n, 0), left(n, 0), right(n, n);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            int cur_left = 0, cur_right = n;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (matrix[i][j] == '1') ++height[j];
                else height[j] = 0;
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (matrix[i][j] == '1') left[j] = max(left[j], cur_left);
                else {left[j] = 0; cur_left = j + 1;}
            }
            for (int j = n - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
                if (matrix[i][j] == '1') right[j] = min(right[j], cur_right);
                else {right[j] = n; cur_right = j;}
            }
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                res = max(res, (right[j] - left[j]) * height[j]);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

我们也可以通过合并一些for循环,使得运算速度更快一些:

 

解法四:

class Solution {
public:
    int maximalRectangle(vector<vector<char>>& matrix) {
        if (matrix.empty() || matrix[0].empty()) return 0;
        int res = 0, m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
        vector<int> height(n, 0), left(n, 0), right(n, n);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            int cur_left = 0, cur_right = n;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if (matrix[i][j] == '1') {
                    ++height[j];
                    left[j] = max(left[j], cur_left);
                } else {
                    height[j] = 0;
                    left[j] = 0;
                    cur_left = j + 1;
                }
            }
            for (int j = n - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
                if (matrix[i][j] == '1') {
                    right[j] = min(right[j], cur_right);
                } else {
                    right[j] = n;
                    cur_right = j;
                }
                res = max(res, (right[j] - left[j]) * height[j]);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

类似题目:

Maximal Square

Largest Rectangle in Histogram

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/discuss/20240/share-my-dp-solution

https://leetcode.com/discuss/5198/a-o-n-2-solution-based-on-largest-rectangle-in-histogram

https://leetcode.com/discuss/17993/sharing-straightforward-solution-with-time-with-explanation

 

    原文作者:Grandyang
    原文地址: http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4322667.html
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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