一、问题描述
Implement a MapSum class with insert, and sum methods.
For the method insert, you’ll be given a pair of (string, integer). The string represents the key and the integer represents the value. If the key already existed, then the original key-value pair will be overridden to the new one.
For the method sum, you’ll be given a string representing the prefix, and you need to return the sum of all the pairs’ value whose key starts with the prefix.
Example 1:
Input: insert(“apple”, 3), Output: Null Input: sum(“ap”), Output: 3
Input: insert(“app”, 2), Output: Null Input: sum(“ap”), Output: 5
二、解题思路
在Hashmap中每个键值对应一个数,
插入一个键值对时:
如果key不存在,则将键值对存进Hashmap中,并且将key的所有前缀连同数值组成新的键值对存进Hashmap mem中;对于一个前缀,如果在mem中已经存在,那么只需在原数值上加上当前键值对的数值,如果前缀原先不存在于mem中,则直接赋为当前键值对的数值;
如果key存在,则key的新值会取代旧值,因此要在mem中更新与key有关的前缀的值
计算前缀对应的数值:
由于mem维护所有前缀对应的数值并在插入过程中一直保持更新,所以对只需取出mem中对应前缀的数值
三、Java代码
class MapSum {
Map<String,Integer> mem;
Map<String,Integer> set;
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public MapSum() {
mem = new HashMap<>();
set = new HashMap<>();
}
public void insert(String key, int val) {
if (!set.containsKey(key)) {
set.put(key,val);
for (int i = 0; i <= key.length(); i++) {
String sub = key.substring(0,i);
mem.put(sub, mem.getOrDefault(sub,0) + val);
}
} else {
int cnt = set.get(key);
for (int i = 0; i <= key.length(); i++) {
String sub = key.substring(0,i);
mem.put(sub,mem.get(sub) - cnt + val);
}
}
}
public int sum(String prefix) {
if (!mem.containsKey(prefix)) return 0;
return mem.get(prefix);
}
};
/** * Your MapSum object will be instantiated and called as such: * MapSum obj = new MapSum(); * obj.insert(key,val); * int param_2 = obj.sum(prefix); */