基础知识思考整理
http://blog.csdn.net/aganlengzi/article/details/77986138

启发式方法：

A heuristic technique , often called simply a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery that employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect, but sufficient for the immediate goals. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision. Examples of this method include using a rule of thumb, an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, guesstimate, stereotyping, profiling, or common sense.

启发式方法(不特指算法)，是用于解决问题的某种符合实际能满足需求但不能保证最优的方法。在不可能得到或者很难得到问题的最优解时，启发式方法是能够加速得到可用解的高效方法。