如何使用Spring Cloud Feign进行声明式调用
前面文章写过Spring Cloud Feign的介绍,对如何使用Spring Cloud Feign进行了说明,现在再简单回顾一下:
1.在启动类上添加@EnableFeignClients注解,开启FeignClient
2.创建一个FeignClient接口,接口上添加@FeignClient注解,并指明远程调用其他服务的服务名,接口中可以声明方法。
3.在controller通过这个FeignClient进行调用。
下面是介绍的文章。
Spring Cloud Feign介绍
Spring Cloud Feign源码分析:
下面就分析下源码,看看这个调用到底经历了什么。
既然在启动类上添加了@EnableFeignClients注解,那就看看这个注解的源码:
/** * Scans for interfaces that declare they are feign clients (via {@link FeignClient * <code>@FeignClient</code>}). Configures component scanning directives for use with * {@link org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration * <code>@Configuration</code>} classes. * * @author Spencer Gibb * @author Dave Syer * @since 1.0 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Import(FeignClientsRegistrar.class)
public @interface EnableFeignClients {
String[] value() default {};
String[] basePackages() default {};
Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};
Class<?>[] defaultConfiguration() default {};
Class<?>[] clients() default {};
}
从这个注解上面的注释可以知道,这个注解会扫描所有的Feign Client,也就是带有@FeignClient的接口。EnableFeignClients注解上还有个@Import(FeignClientsRegistrar.class),引入了FeignClientsRegistrar这个类,从这个类的名字上看,这是Feign Client注册的一个类,那就再进去这个类看一下代码。
这个类实现了ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar,ResourceLoaderAware, BeanClassLoaderAware 这三个接口,实现了接口里的方法。
ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口中有个registerBeanDefinitions方法,在FeignClientsRegistrar中进行了实现,下面看下代码:
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry);
registerFeignClients(metadata, registry);
}
可以看到,在这个方法中,先后调用了两个方法,registerDefaultConfiguration和registerFeignClients。
private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true);
if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) {
String name;
if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) {
name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName();
}
else {
name = "default." + metadata.getClassName();
}
registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration"));
}
}
这个方法主要就是扫描EnableFeignClients标签里配置的信息并注册。
public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
Set<String> basePackages;
Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
FeignClient.class);
final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
: (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
}
else {
final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
basePackages = new HashSet<>();
for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
}
AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
@Override
protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\\$", ".");
return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
}
};
scanner.addIncludeFilter(
new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
}
for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
.findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
// verify annotated class is an interface
AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
"@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");
Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(
FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
String name = getClientName(attributes);
registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
attributes.get("configuration"));
registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
}
}
}
}
在registerFeignClients方法中,也是扫描@FeignClient注解修饰的接口,把接口信息和注解上的信息都赋值到BeanDefinitionBuilder中,然后再注入到IOC容器中。
在相同的路径下,还会看到两个配置类:FeignAutoConfiguration和FeignClientsConfiguration。这是自动加载配置类,在FeignClientsConfiguration还可以看到对Hystrix的配置。
在这个路径下还有个FeignClientFactoryBean类,这个类实现了FactoryBean接口。当调用到FeignClient的时候,就会从IOC中读取这个FeignClientFactoryBean并且调用getObject方法。下面就是getObject方法:
@Override
public Object getObject() throws Exception {
FeignContext context = applicationContext.getBean(FeignContext.class);
Feign.Builder builder = feign(context);
if (!StringUtils.hasText(this.url)) {
String url;
if (!this.name.startsWith("http")) {
url = "http://" + this.name;
}
else {
url = this.name;
}
url += cleanPath();
return loadBalance(builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(this.type,
this.name, url));
}
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.url) && !this.url.startsWith("http")) {
this.url = "http://" + this.url;
}
String url = this.url + cleanPath();
return targeter.target(this, builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(
this.type, this.name, url));
}
这个方法先从上下文中获取FeignContext对象,然后通过FeignContext对象构建Feign.Builder。接下来会分两种情况进行处理,一种是@FeignClient没有配置url的时候,会对负载均衡进行集成,一种是@FeignClient配置url的时候,进入最后的target方法看下,方法会调用Feign.Builder的target方法:
public <T> T target(Target<T> target) {
return build().newInstance(target);
}
public Feign build() {
SynchronousMethodHandler.Factory synchronousMethodHandlerFactory =
new SynchronousMethodHandler.Factory(client, retryer, requestInterceptors, logger,
logLevel, decode404);
ParseHandlersByName handlersByName =
new ParseHandlersByName(contract, options, encoder, decoder,
errorDecoder, synchronousMethodHandlerFactory);
return new ReflectiveFeign(handlersByName, invocationHandlerFactory);
}
在target方法中,会调用ReflectiveFeign的newInstance方法。下面再去这个方法里面看下。
/** * creates an api binding to the {@code target}. As this invokes reflection, care should be taken * to cache the result. */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();
List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();
for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
continue;
} else if(Util.isDefault(method)) {
DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
} else {
methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
}
}
InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{target.type()}, handler);
for(DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
}
return proxy;
}
在newInstance方法中,一开始就调用targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);方法,返回了一个Map<String, MethodHandler>
格式的对象,进去这个方法看一下:
public Map<String, MethodHandler> apply(Target key) {
List<MethodMetadata> metadata = contract.parseAndValidatateMetadata(key.type());
Map<String, MethodHandler> result = new LinkedHashMap<String, MethodHandler>();
for (MethodMetadata md : metadata) {
BuildTemplateByResolvingArgs buildTemplate;
if (!md.formParams().isEmpty() && md.template().bodyTemplate() == null) {
buildTemplate = new BuildFormEncodedTemplateFromArgs(md, encoder);
} else if (md.bodyIndex() != null) {
buildTemplate = new BuildEncodedTemplateFromArgs(md, encoder);
} else {
buildTemplate = new BuildTemplateByResolvingArgs(md);
}
result.put(md.configKey(),
factory.create(key, md, buildTemplate, options, decoder, errorDecoder));
}
return result;
}
}
这个方法返回的result,key是MethodMetadata的configKey,value是调用factory.create(key, md, buildTemplate, options, decoder, errorDecoder)返回的对象,那就再进去方法看下:
public MethodHandler create(Target<?> target, MethodMetadata md,
RequestTemplate.Factory buildTemplateFromArgs,
Options options, Decoder decoder, ErrorDecoder errorDecoder) {
return new SynchronousMethodHandler(target, client, retryer, requestInterceptors, logger,
logLevel, md, buildTemplateFromArgs, options, decoder,
errorDecoder, decode404);
}
这个方法直接就是新建了一个SynchronousMethodHandler对象,SynchronousMethodHandler对象中,有个invoke方法。
@Override
public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
while (true) {
try {
return executeAndDecode(template);
} catch (RetryableException e) {
retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
}
continue;
}
}
}
SynchronousMethodHandler类就行进行拦截处理的,实际执行这个invoke方法,通过参数生成RequestTemplate对象,然后调用executeAndDecode方法,通过RequestTemplate构建request,通过http client调用,获取Response。