【LeetCode】470. Implement Rand10() Using Rand7() 解题报告(Python)
标签(空格分隔): LeetCode
作者: 负雪明烛
id: fuxuemingzhu
个人博客: http://fuxuemingzhu.me/
题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-rand10-using-rand7/description/
题目描述:
Given a function rand7
which generates a uniform random integer in the range 1 to 7, write a function rand10
which generates a uniform random integer in the range 1 to 10.
Do NOT use system’s Math.random()
.
Example 1:
Input: 1
Output: [7]
Example 2:
Input: 2
Output: [8,4]
Example 3:
Input: 3
Output: [8,1,10]
Note:
- rand7 is predefined.
- Each testcase has one argument: n, the number of times that rand10 is called.
Follow up:
- What is the expected value for the number of calls to rand7() function?
- Could you minimize the number of calls to rand7()?
题目大意
利用一个范围在1~7的随机数产生器,构造一个范围在1~10的随机数产生器。
解题方法
范围在1~7的随机数产生器,即1~7各个数字出现的概率皆为1/7.
范围在1~10的随机数产生器,即1~10各个数字出现的概率皆为1/10.
这个题的构造思路是先构造一个randN,这个N必须是10的整数倍,然后randN % 10就可以得到了rand10.
所以可以从rand7先构造出rand49,再把rand49中大于等于40的都过滤掉,这样就得到了rand40,在对10取余即可。
所以:
rand7 –> rand49 –> rand40 –> rand10.
构造rand49的方式是:
7 * (rand7() - 1) + rand7() - 1
这个方法我觉得最好要记住。
# The rand7() API is already defined for you.
# def rand7():
# @return a random integer in the range 1 to 7
class Solution:
def rand10(self):
""" :rtype: int """
return self.rand40() % 10 + 1
def rand49(self):
""" random integer in 0 ~ 48 """
return 7 * (rand7() - 1) + rand7() - 1
def rand40(self):
""" random integer in 0 ~ 40 """
num = self.rand49()
while num >= 40:
num = self.rand49()
return num
日期
2018 年 8 月 18 日 ———— 天在下雨