spring cloud gateway 概述

Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring官方基于Spring 5.0，Spring Boot 2.0和Project Reactor等技术开发的网关，Spring Cloud Gateway旨在为微服务架构提供一种简单而有效的统一的API路由管理方式。Spring Cloud Gateway作为Spring Cloud生态系中的网关，目标是替代Netflix ZUUL，其不仅提供统一的路由方式，并且基于Filter链的方式提供了网关基本的功能，例如：安全，监控/埋点，和限流等。

spring cloud gateway 案例

新建一个spring boot项目，添加spring cloud相关依赖的jar包

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>ch18-1</artifactId>
        <groupId>cn.springcloud.book</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>ch18-1-gateway</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>ch18-1-gateway</name>
    <url>http://springcloud.cn</url>

    <properties>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.M8</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>


</project>

spring cloud gateway 网关路由方式

新的gateway网关路由配置有两种方式：

1.通过@Bean自定义RouteLocator，在启动主类Application中配置

2.在配置文件yml中配置

这两种方式都可以实现网关路由是等价的，但是通常项目开发中会使用配置文件yml方式。

启动类Application配置网关路由：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudGatewayApplication {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                //basic proxy
                .route(r -> r.path("/baidu")
                        .uri("http://baidu.com:80/")
                ).build();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }
}

配置文件application.yml配置网关路由：

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-gateway

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: 163_route
        uri: http://www.163.com/
        predicates:
        - Path=/163

logging:
  level:
    org.springframework.cloud.gateway: TRACE
    org.springframework.http.server.reactive: DEBUG
    org.springframework.web.reactive: DEBUG
    reactor.ipc.netty: DEBUG

运行测试

配置好了，启动服务

访问 http://localhost:8080/baidu，路由转发到 http://www.baidu.com
访问http://localhost:8080/163, 路由转发到 http://www.163.com