HBase常用操作命令

2024年3月8日 264次阅读来源: hbase

HBase – Hadoop Database，是一个高可靠性、高性能、面向列、可伸缩的分布式存储系统，利用HBase技术可在廉价PC Server上搭建起大规模结构化存储集群。
HBase是Google Bigtable的开源实现，类似Google Bigtable利用GFS作为其文件存储系统，HBase利用Hadoop HDFS作为其文件存储系统；Google运行MapReduce来处理Bigtable中的海量数据，HBase同样利用Hadoop MapReduce来处理HBase中的海量数据；Google Bigtable利用 Chubby作为协同服务，HBase利用Zookeeper作为对应。

HBase常用命令

进入shell

[hadoop@indb-3-136-hzifc bin]$ echo $HBASE_HOME
/data/program/hbase
[hadoop@indb-3-136-hzifc bin]$ /data/program/hbase/bin/hbase shell
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/data/program/hbase-1.2.0-cdh5.8.3/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/data/program/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.8.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.
Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
Version 1.2.0-cdh5.8.3, rUnknown, Wed Oct 12 20:33:08 PDT 2016

hbase(main):035:0> whoami
hadoop (auth:SIMPLE)
    groups: hadoop

表结构

1. 创建表

语法：create <table>, {NAME => <family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>}
创建一个User表，并且有一个info列族

hbase(main):002:0> create 'User','info'
0 row(s) in 1.5890 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - User

3. 查看所有表

hbase(main):003:0> list
TABLE
SYSTEM.CATALOG
SYSTEM.FUNCTION
SYSTEM.SEQUENCE
SYSTEM.STATS
TEST.USER
User
6 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds

=> ["SYSTEM.CATALOG", "SYSTEM.FUNCTION", "SYSTEM.SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM.STATS", "TEST.USER", "User"]

4. 查看表详情

hbase(main):004:0> describe 'User'
Table User is ENABLED
User
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FORE
VER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.1410 seconds

hbase(main):025:0> desc 'User'
Table User is ENABLED
User
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FORE
VER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds

5. 表修改

删除指定的列族

hbase(main):002:0> alter 'User', 'delete' => 'info'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.5340 seconds

表数据

1. 插入数据

语法：put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>

hbase(main):005:0> put 'User', 'row1', 'info:name', 'xiaoming'
0 row(s) in 0.1200 seconds

hbase(main):006:0> put 'User', 'row2', 'info:age', '18'
0 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds

hbase(main):007:0> put 'User', 'row3', 'info:sex', 'man'
0 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds

2. 根据rowKey查询某个记录

语法：get <table>,<rowkey>,[<family:column>,....]

hbase(main):008:0> get 'User', 'row2'
COLUMN                                  CELL
 info:age                               timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
1 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds

hbase(main):028:0> get 'User', 'row3', 'info:sex'
COLUMN                                  CELL
 info:sex                               timestamp=1502368093636, value=man

hbase(main):036:0> get 'User', 'row1', {COLUMN => 'info:name'}
COLUMN                                  CELL
 info:name                              timestamp=1502368030841, value=xiaoming
1 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

3. 查询所有记录

语法：scan <table>, {COLUMNS => [ <family:column>,.... ], LIMIT => num}
扫描所有记录

hbase(main):009:0> scan 'User'
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row1                                   column=info:name, timestamp=1502368030841, value=xiaoming
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
 row3                                   column=info:sex, timestamp=1502368093636, value=man
3 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds

扫描前2条

hbase(main):037:0> scan 'User', {LIMIT => 2}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row1                                   column=info:name, timestamp=1502368030841, value=xiaoming
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
2 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds

范围查询

hbase(main):011:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
 row3                                   column=info:sex, timestamp=1502368093636, value=man
2 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds
hbase(main):012:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row2'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
1 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

hbase(main):013:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row3'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
1 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

另外，还可以添加TIMERANGE和FITLER等高级功能

STARTROW,ENDROW必须大写，否则报错;查询结果不包含等于ENDROW的结果集

4. 统计表记录数
语法：count <table>, {INTERVAL => intervalNum, CACHE => cacheNum}

INTERVAL设置多少行显示一次及对应的rowkey，默认1000；CACHE每次去取的缓存区大小，默认是10，调整该参数可提高查询速度

hbase(main):020:0> count 'User'
3 row(s) in 0.0360 seconds

=> 3

5. 删除

删除列

hbase(main):008:0> delete 'User', 'row1', 'info:age'
0 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds

删除所有行

hbase(main):014:0> deleteall 'User', 'row2'
0 row(s) in 0.0090 seconds

删除表中所有数据

hbase(main):016:0> truncate 'User'
Truncating 'User' table (it may take a while):
 - Disabling table...
 - Truncating table...
0 row(s) in 3.6610 seconds

表管理

1. 禁用表

hbase(main):014:0> disable 'User'
0 row(s) in 2.2660 seconds
hbase(main):015:0> describe 'User'
Table User is DISABLED
User
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FORE
VER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds

hbase(main):016:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row3'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL

ERROR: User is disabled.

2. 启用表

hbase(main):017:0> enable 'User'
0 row(s) in 1.3470 seconds

hbase(main):018:0> describe 'User'
Table User is ENABLED
User
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => 'info', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FORE
VER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
1 row(s) in 0.0310 seconds

hbase(main):019:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row3'}
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
 row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
1 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds

3. 测试表是否存在

hbase(main):022:0> exists 'User'
Table User does exist
0 row(s) in 0.0150 seconds

hbase(main):023:0> exists 'user'
Table user does not exist
0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

hbase(main):024:0> exists user
NameError: undefined local variable or method `user' for #<Object:0x412ebe64>

4. 删除表

删除前，必须先disable

hbase(main):030:0> drop 'TEST.USER'

ERROR: Table TEST.USER is enabled. Disable it first.

Here is some help for this command:
Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled:
  hbase> drop 't1'
  hbase> drop 'ns1:t1'

hbase(main):031:0> disable 'TEST.USER'
0 row(s) in 2.2640 seconds

hbase(main):033:0> drop 'TEST.USER'
0 row(s) in 1.2490 seconds

hbase(main):034:0> list
TABLE
SYSTEM.CATALOG
SYSTEM.FUNCTION
SYSTEM.SEQUENCE
SYSTEM.STATS
User
5 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds

=> ["SYSTEM.CATALOG", "SYSTEM.FUNCTION", "SYSTEM.SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM.STATS", "User"]

    原文作者：hbase
    原文地址: https://www.cnblogs.com/shadowalker/p/7350484.html
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