1. 安装 MongoDB

三台机器

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service 

端口分配：

mongos：20000 config：21000 shard1：27001 shard2：27002 shard3：27003

下载并且安装

wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2.tgz tar -xzvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2.tgz -C /usr/local/

所有版本二进制文件,自行下载

https://www.mongodb.org/dl/win32/x86_64-2008plus-ssl?_ga=2.87139544.1567998244.1517190032-1153843332.1517190032&_gac=1.204211492.1517212002.EAIaIQobChMI44v9_9b82AIV1AcqCh0lcABIEAAYASAAEgKI1_D_BwE

改名

cd /usr/local/ mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-amazon-3.6.2 mongodb

分别在每台机器建立conf、mongos、config、shard1、shard2、shard3六个目录，因为mongos不存储数据，只需要建立日志文件目录即可。

mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/conf \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/config/data \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/config/log \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/data \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/data \ mkdir -p /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log

配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile
# MongoDB 环境变量内容 export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/mongodb export PATH=$MONGODB_HOME/bin:$PATH

使立即生效

source /etc/profile

2. config server配置服务器

mongodb3.4以后要求配置服务器也创建副本集，不然集群搭建不成功。

(三台机器)添加配置文件

vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf

## 配置文件内容 pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/log/configsrv.pid dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/data logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/config/log/congigsrv.log logappend = true bind_ip = 0.0.0.0 port = 21000 fork = true #declare this is a config db of a cluster; configsvr = true #副本集名称 replSet = configs #设置最大连接数 maxConns = 20000

启动三台服务器的config server

mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf

登录任意一台配置服务器，初始化配置副本集

连接 MongoDB

mongo --port 21000

config 变量

config = {
    _id : "configs", members : [ {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:21000" }, {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:21000" }, {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:21000" } ] }

初始化副本集

rs.initiate(config)

其中，”_id” : “configs”应与配置文件中配置的 replicaction.replSetName 一致，”members” 中的 “host” 为三个节点的 ip 和 port

响应内容如下

> config = {
... _id : "configs", ... members : [ ... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:21000" }, ... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:21000" }, ... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:21000" } ... ] ... } { "_id" : "configs", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.252.121:21000" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.252.122:21000" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.252.123:21000" } ] } > rs.initiate(config); { "ok" : 1, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1), "$gleStats" : { "lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1), "electionId" : ObjectId("000000000000000000000000") }, "$clusterTime" : { "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1517369899, 1), "signature" : { "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId" : NumberLong(0) } } } configs:SECONDARY>

此时会发现终端上的输出已经有了变化。

//从单个一个 > //变成了 configs:SECONDARY>

查询状态

configs:SECONDARY> rs.status()

3. 配置分片副本集

3.1 设置第一个分片副本集

(三台机器)设置第一个分片副本集

配置文件

vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf

#配置文件内容 #——————————————– pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.pid dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/log/shard1.log logappend = true bind_ip = 0.0.0.0 port = 27001 fork = true #副本集名称 replSet = shard1 #declare this is a shard db of a cluster; shardsvr = true #设置最大连接数 maxConns = 20000

启动三台服务器的shard1 server

mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf

登陆任意一台服务器，初始化副本集(除了192.168.252.123)

连接 MongoDB

mongo --port 27001

使用admin数据库

use admin

定义副本集配置

config = {
    _id : "shard1", members : [ {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27001" }, {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27001" }, {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27001" , arbiterOnly: true } ] }

初始化副本集配置

rs.initiate(config)

响应内容如下

> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
...     _id : "shard1", ... members : [ ... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27001" }, ... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27001" }, ... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27001" , arbiterOnly: true } ... ] ... } { "_id" : "shard1", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.252.121:27001" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.252.122:27001" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.252.123:27001", "arbiterOnly" : true } ] } > rs.initiate(config) { "ok" : 1 }

此时会发现终端上的输出已经有了变化。

//从单个一个 > //变成了 shard1:SECONDARY>

查询状态

shard1:SECONDARY> rs.status()

3.2 设置第二个分片副本集

设置第二个分片副本集

配置文件

vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf

#配置文件内容 #——————————————– pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.pid dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/data logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard2/log/shard2.log logappend = true bind_ip = 0.0.0.0 port = 27002 fork = true #副本集名称 replSet=shard2 #declare this is a shard db of a cluster; shardsvr = true #设置最大连接数 maxConns=20000

启动三台服务器的shard2 server

mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf

连接 MongoDB

mongo --port 27002

使用admin数据库

use admin

定义副本集配置

config = {
    _id : "shard2", members : [ {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27002" , arbiterOnly: true }, {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27002" }, {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27002" } ] }

初始化副本集配置

rs.initiate(config)

响应内容如下

> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
...     _id : "shard2", ... members : [ ... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27002" , arbiterOnly: true }, ... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27002" }, ... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27002" } ... ] ... } { "_id" : "shard2", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.252.121:27002", "arbiterOnly" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.252.122:27002" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.252.123:27002" } ] } > rs.initiate(config) { "ok" : 1 } shard2:SECONDARY> rs.status()

3.3 设置第三个分片副本集

vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf

#配置文件内容 #——————————————– pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.pid dbpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/data logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/shard3/log/shard3.log logappend = true bind_ip = 0.0.0.0 port = 27003 fork = true #副本集名称 replSet=shard3 #declare this is a shard db of a cluster; shardsvr = true #设置最大连接数 maxConns=20000

启动三台服务器的shard3 server

mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf

登陆任意一台服务器，初始化副本集(除了192.168.252.121)

mongo --port 27003

使用admin数据库

use admin

定义副本集配置

config = {
    _id : "shard3", members : [ {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27003" }, {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27003" , arbiterOnly: true}, {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27003" } ] }

初始化副本集配置

rs.initiate(config)

响应内容如下

> use admin
switched to db admin
> config = {
...     _id : "shard3", ... members : [ ... {_id : 0, host : "192.168.252.121:27003" }, ... {_id : 1, host : "192.168.252.122:27003" , arbiterOnly: true}, ... {_id : 2, host : "192.168.252.123:27003" } ... ] ... } { "_id" : "shard3", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "192.168.252.121:27003" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.252.122:27003", "arbiterOnly" : true }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.252.123:27003" } ] } > rs.initiate(config) { "ok" : 1 } shard3:SECONDARY> rs.status()

3.4 配置路由服务器 mongos

（三台机器）先启动配置服务器和分片服务器,后启动路由实例启动路由实例:

vi /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf

#内容 pidfilepath = /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.pid logpath = /usr/local/mongodb/mongos/log/mongos.log logappend = true bind_ip = 0.0.0.0 port = 20000 fork = true #监听的配置服务器,只能有1个或者3个 configs为配置服务器的副本集名字 configdb = configs/192.168.252.121:21000,192.168.252.122:21000,192.168.252.123:21000 #设置最大连接数 maxConns = 20000

启动三台服务器的mongos server

mongos -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf

4. 串联路由服务器

目前搭建了mongodb配置服务器、路由服务器，各个分片服务器，不过应用程序连接到mongos路由服务器并不能使用分片机制，阜阳市人民政府还需要在程序里设置分片配置，让分片生效。

登陆任意一台mongos

mongo --port 20000

使用admin数据库

use admin

串联路由服务器与分配副本集

sh.addShard("shard1/192.168.252.121:27001,192.168.252.122:27001,192.168.252.123:27001"); sh.addShard("shard2/192.168.252.121:27002,192.168.252.122:27002,192.168.252.123:27002"); sh.addShard("shard3/192.168.252.121:27003,192.168.252.122:27003,192.168.252.123:27003");

查看集群状态

sh.status()

响应内容如下

mongos> sh.status() --- Sharding Status --- sharding version: { "_id" : 1, "minCompatibleVersion" : 5, "currentVersion" : 6, "clusterId" : ObjectId("5a713a37d56e076f3eb47acf") } shards: { "_id" : "shard1", "host" : "shard1/192.168.252.121:27001,192.168.252.122:27001", "state" : 1 } { "_id" : "shard2", "host" : "shard2/192.168.252.122:27002,192.168.252.123:27002", "state" : 1 } { "_id" : "shard3", "host" : "shard3/192.168.252.121:27003,192.168.252.123:27003", "state" : 1 } active mongoses: "3.6.2" : 3 autosplit: Currently enabled: yes balancer: Currently enabled: yes Currently running: no Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts: 0 Migration Results for the last 24 hours: No recent migrations databases: { "_id" : "config", "primary" : "config", "partitioned" : true } mongos> 

5. 启用集合分片生效

目前配置服务、路由服务、分片服务、副本集服务都已经串联起来了，但我们的目的是希望插入数据，数据能够自动分片。连接在mongos上，准备让指定的数据库、指定的集合分片生效。

登陆任意一台mongos

mongo --port 20000

使用admin数据库

use admin

指定testdb分片生效

db.runCommand( { enablesharding :"testdb"});

指定数据库里需要分片的集合和片键，哈希id 分片

db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "testdb.table1",key : {"id": "hashed"} } );

我们设置testdb的 table1 表需要分片，根据 id 自动分片到 shard1 ，shard2，shard3 上面去。霍山县人民政府要这样设置是因为不是所有mongodb 的数据库和表 都需要分片！

测试分片配置结果

连接 MongoDB 路由服务

mongo 127.0.0.1:20000

切换到 testdb 数据库

use testdb;

插入测试数据

for(i=1;i<=100000;i++){db.table1.insert({"id":i,"name":"penglei"})};

总条数

db.table1.aggregate([{$group : {_id : "$name", totle : {$sum : 1}}}])

查看分片情况如下

• shard1： “count”: 33755
• shard2： “count”: 33143,
• shard3： “count”: 33102

结论数据基本均匀

db.table1.stats();

mongos> db.table1.stats();
{
    "sharded": true, "capped": false, "ns": "testdb.table1", "count": 100000, "size": 5200000, "storageSize": 1519616, "totalIndexSize": 3530752, "indexSizes": { "_id_": 892928, "id_hashed": 2637824 }, "avgObjSize": 52, "nindexes": 2, "nchunks": 6, "shards": { "shard1": { "ns": "testdb.table1", "size": 1755260, "count": 33755, "avgObjSize": 52, "storageSize": 532480, "capped": false, "wiredTiger": { ...省略很多 } }, "shard2": { "ns": "testdb.table1", "size": 1723436, "count": 33143, "avgObjSize": 52, "storageSize": 479232, "capped": false, "wiredTiger": { ...省略很多 } }, "shard3": { "ns": "testdb.table1", "size": 1721304, "count": 33102, "avgObjSize": 52, "storageSize": 507904, "capped": false, "wiredTiger": { ...省略很多 } } }, "ok": 1, "$clusterTime": { "clusterTime": Timestamp(1517488062, 350), "signature": { "hash": BinData(0, "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="), "keyId": NumberLong(0) } }, "operationTime": Timestamp(1517488062, 350) } mongos> 

分组查看总数量是：100000

mongos> db.table1.aggregate([{$group : {_id : "$name", totle : {$sum : 1}}}]) { "_id" : "penglei", "totle" : 100000 } mongos>

后期运维

参考

手把手教你 MongoDB 的安装与详细使用（一）

http://www.ymq.io/2018/01/26/MongoDB-1/

手把手教你 MongoDB 的安装与详细使用（二）

http://www.ymq.io/2018/01/29/MongoDB-2/

创建索引

db.table1.createIndex({"name":1}) db.table1.getIndexes()

启动

mongodb的启动顺序是，先启动配置服务器，在启动分片，最后启动mongos.

mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/config.conf mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard2.conf mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard3.conf mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/mongos.conf

启动报错

about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 1303 child process started successfully, parent exiting [root@node1 ~]# mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/conf/shard1.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 1384

删除 mongod.lock

cd /usr/local/mongodb/shard1/data rm -rf mongod.lock

关闭

#debian、ubuntu系统下： apt-get install psmisc #centos或、rhel系统下： yum install psmisc

关闭时，直接killall杀掉所有进程

killall mongod killall mongos