--查询所有表 SELECT NAME,* FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE XTYPE='U' order by SYSOBJECTS.name --查询所有存储过程 select * from sysobjects where type='P' order by [name] --查询表约束 exec sp_helpconstraint @objname=book_detail --@objname=prx_class go -- 查看内容(存储过程) sp_helptext 'P_Sys_MenuList'
--查询所有触发器 select name from sysobjects where xtype='TR' --查询所有视图 select name from sysobjects where xtype='V'
--查询触发器与关联表 SELECT tb2.name AS tableName,tb1.name AS triggerName FROM Sysobjects tb1 JOIN Sysobjects tb2 ON tb1.parent_obj=tb2.id WHERE tb1.type='TR' /**判断是否存在该触发器**/ --if exists (select * from sysobjects where id=object_id(N'Trg_IC_Log_Insert1') and type='tr') -- or if (object_id('Trg_IC_Log_Insert1','tr') is not null ) drop TRIGGER [Trg_IC_Log_Insert1] go
/*修改表命令*/
--移除主键 alter table tb_name drop constraint PK_name --添加多列主键 alter table tb_name add constraint PK_name primary key(column1,column2,column3) --修改表列名或属性 add 增加列,drop 移除列 alter table tb_name alter column column1 varchar(10) null
--通过某个字段名称找到数据库中对应的表 USE Works GO select DISTINCT object_name(id) from syscolumns where name like '%the_class%' order by 1 GO ------------------------------------------ select * from sysobjects where object_name(id) in ( 'OE_ORDER_LINES_ALL', 'OE_ORDER_HEADERS_ALL', 'OE_TRANSACTION_TYPES_TL', 'FNDLOOKUPVALUES', 'HZ_CUST_SITE_USES_ALL', 'HZ_CUST_ACCT_SITES_ALL')
--sql 按默认顺序排序,生成RowNum列(行号列) select identity(int,1,1) as sort,* into #temp from tb1 select * from #temp order by sort
sql 分组后根据最大值得到记录明细
select * from 表名 as a where exists (select 1 from (select 工单编号,max(处理时间) as 处理时间 from 表名 group by 工单编号) as b where a.工单编号=b.工单编号 and a.处理时间=b.处理时间) SELECT * FROM ( select row_number() over(partition by mn order by NotesTime DESC) as number,* from T_TaskNotes ) as tb where number=1
SQLServer: 解决“错误15023:当前数据库中已存在用户或角色”
Use newzs go sp_change_users_login 'update_one', 'infos1', 'infos1' /*
其中newzs为存在孤立用户的数据库,update_one是存储过程的参数,表示只处理一个用户,前一个infos1是“用户”,后一个infos1是“登录”,以上这个SQL表示将服务器登录“infos1”与 newzs数据库用户“infos1”重新连接起来。这样就可以正常使用数据库了 */
/*数据库手动抛出错误异常*/ --内容 级别 RAISERROR ('678 ''数据异常'' 已经结账' , 16, 1) WITH NOWAIT RAISERROR ('无效用户ID。' , 16, 1)
/*分词搜索查找*/
declare @a varchar(10) declare @s varchar(1000) declare @t table(name varchar(10)) set @a='a,b,c' set @s=right(replace(','+@a,',',''' as name union select '''),len(replace(','+@a,',',''' as name union select '''))-15)+'''' insert into @t exec(@s) select * from tb b where exists (select 1 from @t a where charindex(a.name,b.name)>0)
if object_id('[tb]') is not null drop table [tb] create table [tb] (id int,name varchar(25)) insert into [tb] select 1,'asdf富士康sfsaf' union all select 2,'富士康sdaf跳楼' union all select 3,'sdaf跳楼' union all select 4,'asdf富士康as跳楼郭台铭asf' union all select 5,'郭台铭asf' declare @name varchar(50),@sql varchar(8000) set @Name='富士康 跳楼 郭台铭' set @sql=' (case when charindex('''+replace(@name,' ',''',name)>0 then 1 else 0 end)+(case when charindex(''')+''',name)>0 then 1 else 0 end)' set @sql='select * from tb order by '+@sql+' desc'
/**全文检索(查询整个数据库中某个特定值所在的表和字段的方法 )**/
一、
DECLARE @keyWord VARCHAR(200) set @keyWord='hy' -- 最大的长度. DECLARE @MaxLength INT; -- 数据库表名称 DECLARE @TableName VARCHAR(100); -- 数据库表ID DECLARE @object_id INT; -- 查询列名的SQL DECLARE @ColumnSql VARCHAR(500); -- 列名. DECLARE @clumnName VARCHAR(20); -- 查询 数据是否存在的SQL DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(500); -- 查询 数据是否存在结果 DECLARE @RowCount INT; BEGIN -- 取得 传入的 字符串长度 -- 对于 表定义中, 字段长度小于 该长度的,将不检索. SET @MaxLength = LEN(@keyWord); -- 定义游标. 取得所有的数据库表名称. DECLARE c_test_main CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR SELECT object_id, name FROM sys.tables -- 打开游标. OPEN c_test_main; -- 填充数据. FETCH NEXT FROM c_test_main INTO @object_id, @TableName; -- 假如检索到了数据,才处理. WHILE @@fetch_status = 0 BEGIN -- 准备用于执行的 查询列信息的 SQL 语句. SET @ColumnSql = 'DECLARE cur_column CURSOR for SELECT col.name ' + ' FROM sys.columns col, sys.types typ ' -- 从列视图 与 数据类型视图查询 + ' WHERE ' + ' col.system_type_id = typ.system_type_id' -- 列视图 与 数据类型视图 关联 + ' AND typ.name IN(''varchar'', ''nvarchar'', ''char'', ''nchar'') ' -- 只查询指定数据类型的. + ' AND col.max_length > ' + LTRIM(STR(@MaxLength )) -- 最大长度要大于 输入信息长度的 + ' AND col.object_id =' + LTRIM(STR(@object_id)); -- 表ID EXEC(@ColumnSql); OPEN cur_column; FETCH next FROM cur_column INTO @clumnName; WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0 BEGIN SET @Sql = 'SELECT @RowCount = COUNT(1) FROM ' + @TableName + ' WHERE ' + @clumnName + ' LIKE ''%' + @keyWord + '%'' '; EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @Sql, N'@RowCount INT OUTPUT', @RowCount OUTPUT; IF @RowCount > 0 BEGIN PRINT @TableName + '.' + @clumnName; END FETCH next FROM cur_column INTO @clumnName; END CLOSE cur_column; DEALLOCATE cur_column; -- 填充下一条数据. FETCH NEXT FROM c_test_main INTO @object_id, @TableName; END; -- 关闭游标 CLOSE c_test_main; -- 释放游标. DEALLOCATE c_test_main; END
二、
declare @sql nvarchar(max),@search nvarchar(100) set @search='hy' set @sql='' select @sql=@sql+'select top 1 '''+sysobjects.name+''' as [table],'''+syscolumns.name+''' as [columns],'+syscolumns.name+' as [value] from '+sysobjects.name+' where '+syscolumns.name+'='''+@search+''' union all ' from sysobjects inner join syscolumns on sysobjects.id=syscolumns.id where sysobjects.xtype='U' and syscolumns.xtype in (34,35,99,167,175,231,239,241,231) select @sql=@sql+'select null,null,null' exec sp_executesql @sql
三、
select convert(varchar(255),'') dsca into #y where 1=0 -- delete #y declare @s varchar(255) set @s='hy' DECLARE bbb cursor for select TABLE_NAME,column_name FROM information_schema.columns where table_name in (select table_name from information_schema.tables where TABLE_type='BASE TABLE' and table_name like '%%' ) and data_type like '%varchar%' declare @t varchar(255) declare @f varchar(255) open bbb fetch next from bbb into @t,@f while @@fetch_status=0 begin exec( ' if exists (select * from '+@t+' where '+@f+'='+''''+@s+''''+' ) insert into #y select '+''''+@t+'.'+@f+'''' ) --insert into #t select '+''''+'select * from '+@t+' WHERE '+@f+'=@F'+''' fetch next from bbb into @t,@f end close bbb deallocate bbb select * from #y drop table #y
/**全文检索END*/
SET NOCOUNT ON;--存储过程,当 SET NOCOUNT 为 ON 时,不返回计数(表示受 Transact-SQL 语句影响的行数)。当 SET NOCOUNT 为 OFF 时,返回计数。 declare @date datetime,@date1 datetime,@substoreid varchar(20) set @date='2014-09-22' set @date1='2014-09-30' set @substoreid='9001' --临时表用法 select tag,code,name,num,money into #mid from ( select 1 as tag,prx_code as code,prx_name as name,sum(isnull(num,0)) as num,sum(isnull(money,0)) as money from tb1 union select 2 as tag,receive_minout.pay_class as code,name as name,0 as num,sum(isnull(money,0)) as money from tb2 ) A select * from #mid order by tag drop table #mid
--SQL每组数据只取前几条数据的写法 select * from (select row_number() over(partition by t.type order by date desc) rn, t.* from 表名 t) where rn <= 2; /* type要分的类 date 排序 rn 每类要显示几条数据 */
over partition by与group by 的区别
/*SQL执行中占CPU资源最多的前10条查询 */ select top 20 total_worker_time/execution_count as avg_cpu_cost,plan_handle, execution_count, (select substring(text,statement_start_offset/2+1, (case when statement_end_offset=-1 then len(convert(nvarchar(max),text))*2 else statement_end_offset end - statement_start_offset)/2) from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) as query_text from sys.dm_exec_query_stats order by [avg_cpu_cost] desc -- 找出工作负荷中运行最频繁的查询 select top 10 total_worker_time,plan_handle,execution_count, (select substring(text,statement_start_offset /2 +1, (case when statement_end_offset = -1 then len(convert(nvarchar(max),text))*2 else statement_end_offset end - statement_start_offset)/2) from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) as query_text from sys.dm_exec_query_stats order by execution_count desc --找到被编译得最多的前10位查询计划 select top 10 plan_generation_num,execution_count, (select substring(text,statement_start_offset /2 +1, (case when statement_end_offset = -1 then len(convert(nvarchar(max),text))*2 else statement_end_offset end - statement_start_offset)/2) from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle)) as query_text from sys.dm_exec_query_stats where plan_generation_num>1 order by plan_generation_num desc
--执行最慢的SQL语句 SELECT (total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000 N'平均时间ms' ,total_elapsed_time/1000 N'总花费时间ms' ,total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU总时间ms' ,total_physical_reads N'物理读取总次数' ,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次逻辑读次数' ,total_logical_reads N'逻辑读取总次数' ,total_logical_writes N'逻辑写入总次数' ,execution_count N'执行次数' ,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1, ((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'执行语句' ,creation_time N'语句编译时间' ,last_execution_time N'上次执行时间' FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st WHERE SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1, ((CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) not like '�tch%' ORDER BY total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC; --总耗CPU最多的前个SQL: SELECT TOP 20 total_worker_time/1000 AS [总消耗CPU 时间(ms)],execution_count [运行次数], qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000 AS [平均消耗CPU 时间(ms)], last_execution_time AS [最后一次执行时间],max_worker_time /1000 AS [最大执行时间(ms)], SUBSTRING(qt.text,qs.statement_start_offset/2+1, (CASE WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN DATALENGTH(qt.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END -qs.statement_start_offset)/2 + 1) AS [使用CPU的语法], qt.text [完整语法], qt.dbid, dbname=db_name(qt.dbid), qt.objectid,object_name(qt.objectid,qt.dbid) ObjectName FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs WITH(nolock) CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS qt WHERE execution_count>1 ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC --平均耗CPU最多的前个SQL: SELECT TOP 20 total_worker_time/1000 AS [总消耗CPU 时间(ms)],execution_count [运行次数], qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000 AS [平均消耗CPU 时间(ms)], last_execution_time AS [最后一次执行时间],min_worker_time /1000 AS [最小执行时间(ms)], max_worker_time /1000 AS [最大执行时间(ms)], SUBSTRING(qt.text,qs.statement_start_offset/2+1, (CASE WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN DATALENGTH(qt.text) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END -qs.statement_start_offset)/2 + 1) AS [使用CPU的语法], qt.text [完整语法], qt.dbid, dbname=db_name(qt.dbid), qt.objectid,object_name(qt.objectid,qt.dbid) ObjectName FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs WITH(nolock) CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS qt WHERE execution_count>1 ORDER BY (qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000) DESC
/*查询缺失索引*/ SELECT DatabaseName = DB_NAME(database_id) ,[Number Indexes Missing] = count(*) FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details GROUP BY DB_NAME(database_id) ORDER BY 2 DESC; SELECT TOP 10 [Total Cost] = ROUND(avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact * (user_seeks + user_scans),0) , avg_user_impact , TableName = statement , [EqualityUsage] = equality_columns , [InequalityUsage] = inequality_columns , [Include Cloumns] = included_columns FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups g INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats s ON s.group_handle = g.index_group_handle INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details d ON d.index_handle = g.index_handle ORDER BY [Total Cost] DESC;
/*将一列多行数据合并为一行*/ SELECT DISTINCT [Student] ,STUFF( ( SELECT ','+[Course] FROM [dbo].[SC] WHERE Student = A.Student FOR XML PATH('') ) ,1,1,'' )AS Course FROM [dbo].[SC] AS A
/*拆分字典匹配合并成一行*/ SELECT STUFF( (SELECT ',' + T1.CodeName FROM ( SELECT Code,CodeName from T_ListCode TL JOIN dbo.f_splitstr(T_ST21.Com_FunctionCategory,',') TY ON TL.Code=TY.F1 )AS T1 FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') AS CodeName from T_ST21
/*SQL递归查询*/ WITH SearcRiver AS ( SELECT RiverID,UpRiverID FROM T_River WHERE RiverID = '1100000000' UNION ALL SELECT A.RiverID,A.UpRiverID FROM T_River A, SearcRiver B WHERE A.UpRiverID=B.RiverID ) select * from SearcRiver
--try catch 事物-回滚 begin try begin transaction tr select * from Car_Brand update car_log set [reason]='ceshiceshiceshi' where [modelid]=557; select 1/0 print 'i have executed!' select * from AREA print 'executed success'; commit transaction tr end try begin catch print 'executed failed'; rollback transaction tr end catch
查询执行命令的错误信息
函数 | 描述 |
---|---|
ERROR_NUMBER() | 返回导致运行 CATCH 块的错误消息的错误号。 |
ERROR_SEVERITY() | 返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的严重级别 |
ERROR_STATE() | 返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的状态号 |
ERROR_PROCEDURE() | 返回出现错误的存储过程名称 |
ERROR_LINE() | 返回发生错误的行号 |
ERROR_MESSAGE() | 返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的完整文本 |
BEGIN CATCH IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0 ROLLBACK TRAN --RollBack in case of Error -- you can Raise ERROR with RAISEERROR() Statement including the details of the exception RAISERROR(ERROR_MESSAGE(), ERROR_SEVERITY(), 1) END CATCH
自定义错误
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE name='my_sp_test' AND TYPE='P') BEGIN DROP PROCEDURE my_sp_test; END; GO create procedure my_sp_test @i int, @outstr varchar(100) out as begin try declare @j int; if @i<10 begin set @outstr = 'system exception.'; set @j = 10/0; -- 因为被除数为0,所以这里将会抛出一个系统的异常 end else begin set @j = @i; set @outstr = 'customer exception'; -- 抛出自定义的异常,在最后的catch块中统一处理异常 RAISERROR (66666, -- Message id. 16, -- Severity, 1 -- State, ) ; end; end try begin catch if @@ERROR=66666 begin -- 通过@@ERROR的值来判断是否是自定义的异常 set @outstr = @outstr + '---------------- customer exception'; end; return; end catch; go
如上代码,raiserror参数说明:
(1). Message id : 异常的唯一标识,且这个值会被赋值给SQLServer的系统变量@@Error。自定义异常的Message Id建议使用50000以后的,因为50000以内的会被系统异常占用。
(2). Severity : 异常的级别。 可输入1—19的数值。1—10之间不会被catch捕获。19以后是非常严重的级别。
(3). State : 如果输入负值或大于255 的值会生成错误,产生错误则会中断数据库的连接
执行命令,不返回影响行数消息
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
如上代码,raiserror参数说明:
(1). Message id : 异常的唯一标识,且这个值会被赋值给SQLServer的系统变量@@Error。
自定义异常的Message Id建议使用50000以后的,因为50000以内的会被系统异常占用。
(2). Severity : 异常的级别。 可输入1—19的数值。1—10之间不会被catch捕获。19以后是非常严重的级别。
(3). State : 如果输入负值或大于255 的值会生成错误,产生错误则会中断数据库的连接
/*时间范围交集*/ select * from test_table where (startTime > a AND startTime < b) OR (startTime < a AND endTime > b) OR (endTime > a AND endTime < b)
/*SQL判断两个时间段是否有交集 给定时间区间(begin,end),数据库字段startTime与endTime,*/ SELECT * FROM xxx WHERE NOT ((endTime < begin) OR (startTime > end))
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS --清除缓冲区 DBCC FREEPROCCACHE --删除计划高速缓存中的元素 SET STATISTICS TIME ON --执行时间 SET STATISTICS IO ON --IO读取
/*数据库表碎片整理*/ 通过对扫描密度(过低),扫描碎片(过高)的结果分析,判定是否需要索引重建,主要看如下两个: Scan Density [Best Count:Actual Count]-扫描密度[最佳值:实际值]:DBCC SHOWCONTIG返回最有用的一个百分比。这是扩展盘区的最佳值和实际值的比率。该百分比应该尽可能靠近100%。低了则说明有外部碎片。 Logical Scan Fragmentation-逻辑扫描碎片:无序页的百分比。该百分比应该在0%到10%之间,高了则说明有外部碎片。 解决方式: 一是利用DBCC INDEXDEFRAG整理索引碎片 二是利用DBCC DBREINDEX重建索引。 两者区别调用如下: DBCC INDEXDEFRAG 命令是联机操作,所以索引只有在该命令正在运行时才可用,而且可以在不丢失已完成工作的情况下中断该操作。这种方法的缺点是在重新组织数据方面没有聚集索引的除去/重新创建操作有效。 重新创建聚集索引将对数据进行重新组织,其结果是使数据页填满。填满程度可以使用 FILLFACTOR 选项进行配置。这种方法的缺点是索引在除去/重新创建周期内为脱机状态,并且操作属原子级。如果中断索引创建,则不会重新创建该索引。也就是说,要想获得好的效果,还是得用重建索引,所以决定重建索引。