ggplot2——坐标系篇

2019年10月20日 130次阅读 来源: Liam_ml

初始图样：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))
p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) +
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE)   ## 添加点的数值
p

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何修改坐标轴的显示范围：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))
p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) +
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE)

p + scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-5,15))   ## 方法一
p + xlim(-5,15)   ## 方法二

p + xlim(min(dt$A, 0)*1.2, max(dt$A)*1.2)   ## 一般使用倍数来限定大小，注意定义最小值的方式

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何修改坐标轴的标签（内容、大小、字体、颜色、加粗、位置、角度）：

library(ggplot2)
windowsFonts(myFont = windowsFont("华文行楷"))   ##如果要更改字体，需要先“绑定”字体
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))
p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) +
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE)

p + xlab("这是 X 轴") + ylab("这是 Y 轴") + ggtitle("这是标题")   ## 修改文字方法一
p + labs(x = "这是 X 轴", y = "这是 Y 轴", title = "这是标题")   ## 修改文字方法二

#### 修改 X 轴标签的大小、字体、颜色、加粗、位置、角度 ####
p + xlab("这是 X 轴") + theme(axis.title.x = element_text(size = 15, family = "myFont", color = "green", face = "bold", vjust = 0.5, hjust = 0.5, angle = 45))

## face取值：plain普通，bold加粗，italic斜体，bold.italic斜体加粗

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何修改坐标轴的刻度标签（内容）：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))
p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) +
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE)
p + scale_x_continuous(breaks=dt$A, labels = dt$A*1000)   ## 只是把刻度上显示的文字改了而已

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何修改坐标轴的刻度标签（大小、字体、颜色、加粗、位置、角度）：

library(ggplot2)
windowsFonts(myFont = windowsFont("华文行楷"))   ##如果要更改字体，需要先“绑定”字体
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))
p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) +
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE)

####修改 X 轴刻度文字的大小、字体、颜色、加粗、位置、角度：
p + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 15, family = "myFont", color = "green", face = "bold", vjust = 0.5, hjust = 0.5, angle = 45))

## face取值：plain普通，bold加粗，italic斜体，bold.italic斜体加粗

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何修改坐标轴的刻度间隔：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))
p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) +
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE)
p + scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(0, 10, 5))   ## X 轴每隔 5 个单位显示一个刻度

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何去掉网格线：

删去之前：

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

删去之后：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))

p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) + 
  labs(x = "", y = "", title = "") + 
  theme_bw() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) + 
  theme(panel.grid =element_blank())   ## 删去网格线
p

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何去掉坐标轴上的刻度标签：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))

p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) + 
  labs(x = "", y = "", title = "") + 
  theme_bw() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) + 
  theme(panel.grid =element_blank()) +    ## 删去网格线
  theme(axis.text = element_blank())   ## 删去所有刻度标签
# theme(axis.text.y = element_blank())   ## 设置 axis.text.y 则只删去 Y 轴的刻度标签，X 轴同理。
p

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何去掉刻度线：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))

p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) + 
  labs(x = "", y = "", title = "") + 
  theme_bw() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) + 
  theme(panel.grid =element_blank()) +   ## 删去网格线
  theme(axis.text = element_blank()) +   ## 删去所有刻度标签
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank())   ## 删去所有刻度线
# theme(axis.ticks.y = element_blank())   ## 设置 axis.ticks.y 则只删去 Y 轴的刻度线，X 轴同理。
p

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何去掉外层边框：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))

p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) + 
  labs(x = "", y = "", title = "") + 
  theme_bw() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) + 
  theme(panel.grid =element_blank()) +   ## 删去网格线
  theme(axis.text = element_blank()) +   ## 删去刻度标签
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank()) +   ## 删去刻度线
  theme(panel.border = element_blank())   ## 删去外层边框
p

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

如何再加上X轴、Y轴（无刻度、无标签）：

library(ggplot2)
dt = data.frame(A = 1:10, B = c(2,15,6,18,9,7,13,15,10,3), C = c('A','C','A','B','C','D','A','C','D','B'))

p = ggplot(dt, aes(x = A, y = B, color = C, group = factor(1))) + 
  geom_point(size = 3.8) +
  geom_line(size = 0.8) + 
  labs(x = "", y = "", title = "") + 
  theme_bw() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = B, vjust = 1.1, hjust = -0.5, angle = 45), show_guide = FALSE) + 
  theme(panel.grid =element_blank()) +   ## 删去网格线
  theme(axis.text = element_blank()) +   ## 删去刻度标签
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank()) +   ## 删去刻度线
  theme(panel.border = element_blank()) +   ## 删去外层边框
  theme(axis.line = element_line(size=1, colour = "black"))   ## 再加上坐标轴（无刻度、无标签）
p

《ggplot2——坐标系篇》 image.png

    原文作者：Liam_ml
    原文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/fee868337262
    本文转自网络文章，转载此文章仅为分享知识，如有侵权，请联系博主进行删除。
点赞