Binary String Matching
时间限制:
3000 ms | 内存限制:
65535 KB 难度:
3
- 描述
- Given two strings A and B, whose alphabet consist only ‘0’ and ‘1’. Your task is only to tell how many times does A appear as a substring of B? For example, the text string B is ‘1001110110’ while the pattern string A is ‘11’, you should output 3, because the pattern A appeared at the posit
- 输入
- The first line consist only one integer N, indicates N cases follows. In each case, there are two lines, the first line gives the string A, length (A) <= 10, and the second line gives the string B, length (B) <= 1000. And it is guaranteed that B is always longer than A.
- 输出
- For each case, output a single line consist a single integer, tells how many times do B appears as a substring of A.
- 样例输入
3 11 1001110110 101 110010010010001 1010 110100010101011
- 样例输出
3 0 3
- 来源
- 网络
- 上传者
- naonao
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- 南阳oj上这道题太水了;直接用朴素算法暴力就水过了,数据量太少了,然后我们把题目移到我们自己的oj上,自己多出了一些数据,测试了一下,朴素算法用时3300ms,kmp用时1700ms左右,仅供参考,足以显示出kmp算法的优越性啊,最近两天也看了好久kmp,感觉有些细节的地方还是理解的不到位;还是要多回顾理解,看的是july大神的博客kmp算法 讲的比较详细,多读几遍,大话数据结构上分析的也比较好;供自己以后复习回顾;
- 下面是朴素算法过的,暴力;
- 朴素算法关键在于回溯,处理好回溯;
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#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> int main() { int n,count; char a[200],b[1200]; scanf("%d",&n); getchar(); while(n--) { count=0; int i=0,j=0,len; scanf("%s\n%s",a,b); len=strlen(b); while(i<=len) { if(a[j]=='\0') { count++; i=i-j+1; j=0; } else if(a[j]==b[i]) { i++; j++; } else { i=i-j+1; //关键在于回溯 j=0; } } printf("%d\n",count); } return 0; }
下面是kmp算法,还要多多加强,巩固理解;
- 朴素算法中的回溯很多是不必要的,所以就有了kmp算法,用一个next数组储存下一次要匹配的位置,这里难理解的就是next数组,其中还要理解后缀和前缀的关系,通过匹配字符串前后的联系,得出next数组;而就不需要移动主串的位置;节约了回溯的时间;
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#include<cstdio> #include<cstring> int nextval[200]; void get_next(char a[])//得到next数组; { int len; int i=0,j=-1; nextval[0]=-1; len=strlen(a); while(i<=len) { if(j==-1 || a[i]==a[j]) { ++i; ++j; if(a[i]==a[j]) nextval[i] = nextval[j]; //把回溯的内容全换成是next数组; else nextval[i] = j; } else j=nextval[j]; } } int kmp(char a[],char b[])//kmp的主体函数 { int i=0,j=0,count=0; int lena,lenb; lena=strlen(a); lenb=strlen(b); get_next(a); while(i<=lenb) { if(j==-1 || a[j]==b[i]) { ++i; ++j; } else j=nextval[j]; if(j>=lena) { count++; j=nextval[j]; } } return count; } int main() { int n; char a[20],b[1200]; scanf("%d",&n); while(n--) { scanf("%s\n%s",a,b); printf("%d\n",kmp(a,b)); } return 0; }
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