Django基础之(十)DRF

DRF基础之二

简介

官方文档

Requirements

REST framework requires the following:

  • Python (2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7)
  • Django (1.11, 2.0, 2.1)
  • The following packages are optional:

coreapi (1.32.0+) – Schema generation support.
Markdown (2.1.0+) – Markdown support for the browsable API.
django-filter (1.0.1+) – Filtering support.
django-crispy-forms – Improved HTML display for filtering.
django-guardian (1.1.1+) – Object level permissions support

安装与配置

  • 安装
pip3 install djangorestframework
pip3 install markdown # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip3 install django-filter # Filtering support
  • 配置
django-admin startproject devops
vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
       ...
        'rest_framework‘
    )
# 重新创建数据库day4,并配置vim devops/settings.py
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'day4',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;',
        },
    }
}
  • 新建一个idc的app
mkdir apps
django-admin startapp idc
mv idc apps
touch apps/__init__.py
  • 将apps座位mainPath,并做配置
  • 加入settings.py环境变量
import sys
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'apps'))
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'idc.apps.IdcConfig'
]
  • 定义好主备路由
- 主路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^',include('idc.urls'))
]

- 项目路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'idcs/$',views.idc_list)
]
  • 创建idc/models.py
from django.db import models

class Idc(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField("IDC名称",max_length=128,blank=False,null=True)
    address = models.CharField("IDC地址",max_length=200,default="")
    phone = models.CharField("IDC联系电话",max_length=20,null=True)
    email = models.EmailField("IDC邮箱")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        db_table = "idc"
  • 创建idc/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc
class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    name = serializers.CharField()
    address = serializers.CharField()
    phone = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()
  • 数据库同步&生成数据
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from idc.models import Idc                                                      
In [2]: idc = Idc()                                                                     
In [3]: idc.name = "北京机房"                                                           
In [4]: idc.address = "北京市酒仙桥"                                                    
In [5]: idc.phone = "123990131"                                                         
In [6]: idc.email = "beijing@idc.com"                                                   
In [7]: idc.save()                                                                      
In [8]: idc                                                                             
Out[8]: <Idc: 北京机房>
In [10]: data = {"name":"上海机房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}                           In [11]:                                                                                
In [11]: data                                                                           
Out[11]: 
{'name': '上海机房',
 'address': '上海',
 'phone': '90909931',
 'email': 'shanghai@idc.com'}
In [12]: idc = Idc(**data)                                                              
In [13]: idc.save() 
In [14]: Idc.objects.all()                                                              
Out[14]: <QuerySet [<Idc: 北京机房>, <Idc: 上海机房>]>
In [15]: idc                                                                            
Out[15]: <Idc: 上海机房>
In [16]: from idc.serializers import IdcSerializer                                      
In [17]: serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)                                                
In [18]: serializer                                                                     
Out[18]: 
IdcSerializer(<Idc: 上海机房>):
    id = IntegerField()
    name = CharField()
    address = CharField()
    phone = CharField()
    email = EmailField()
In [19]: serializer.data                                                                
Out[19]: {'id': 2, 'name': '上海机房', 'address': '上海', 'phone': '90909931', 'email': 'shanghai@idc.com'}
  • 会出错的地方
In [21]: import json   
In [22]: json.dumps(serializer.data)                                                         
Out[22]: '{"id": 2, "name": "\\u4e0a\\u6d77\\u673a\\u623f", "address": "\\u4e0a\\u6d77", "phone": "90909931", "email": "shanghai@idc.com"}'
In [23]: from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer               
In [24]: content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)                     
In [25]: content                     #获取到浏览器的数据
Out[25]: b'{"id":2,"name":"\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7\xe6\x9c\xba\xe6\x88\xbf","address":"\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}'
In [26]: from django.utils.six import BytesIO                                                                                                                                                                                                    
In [27]: stream = BytesIO(content)               #将获取的数据转换成一个流                                                                                                                                                                                        
In [28]: from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser                                                                                                                                                                                           
In [29]: data = JSONParser().parse(stream)          #将数据转换成dict                                                                     
In [30]: data                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
Out[30]: 
{'id': 2,
 'name': '上海机房',
 'address': '上海',
 'phone': '90909931',
 'email': 'shanghai@idc.com'}
  • 新创建数据并测试
from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Idc

class IdcSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    name = serializers.CharField()
    address = serializers.CharField()
    phone = serializers.CharField()
    email = serializers.EmailField()
    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Idc.objects.create(**validated_data)

测试:

In [1]: data = {"name":"上海机房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}                                                                                                                                           
In [2]: data                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
Out[2]: 
{'name': '上海机房',
 'address': '上海',
 'phone': '90909931',
 'email': 'shanghai@idc.com'}
In [3]: from idc.serializers import IdcSerializer                                                                                                                                                                                                
In [4]: idc = IdcSerializer(data=data)                                                                                                                                                                                                           
In [5]: idc.is_valid()                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Out[5]: True
In [6]: idc.save()                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Out[6]: <Idc: 上海机房>
  • 处理queryset
In [7]: from idc.models import Idc                                                                                                                                                                                                               
In [8]: Idc.objects.all()                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
Out[8]: <QuerySet [<Idc: 北京机房>, <Idc: 上海机房>, <Idc: 上海机房>]>
In [9]: queryset = Idc.objects.all()                                                                                                                                                                                                             
In [10]: IdcSerializer(queryset)    
In [15]: ser = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)        #many=False是要单个数据                                                                                                                                                                           
In [16]: ser.data                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Out[16]: [OrderedDict([('id', 1), ('name', '北京机房'), ('address', '北京市酒仙桥'), ('phone', '123990131'), ('email', 'beijing@idc.com')]), OrderedDict([('id', 2), ('name', '上海机房'), ('address', '上海'), ('phone', '90909931'), ('email', 'shanghai@idc.com')]), OrderedDict([('id', 3), ('name', '上海机房'), ('address', '上海'), ('phone', '90909931'), ('email', 'shanghai@idc.com')])]

序列化模型

model obj ==== > JSON

反序列化模型

http提交的数据 ==== > JSON =====> obj(model obj)

  • 创建idc/views.py
from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse

class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
    def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
        kwargs.setdefault('content_type', 'application/json')
        content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
        super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)

def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
    if request.method == "GET":
        queryset = Idc.objects.all()
        serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
        # content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
        # return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
            return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")
  • 测试
In [17]: import requests                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
In [18]: url = "http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/"                                                                                                                                                                                                 
In [19]: data = {"name":"上海机房","address":"上海","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}                                                                                                                                         
In [20]: requests.post(url,data)                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
Out[20]: <Response [500]>
In [21]: r = requests.post(url,json=data)                                                                                                                                                                                                        
In [22]: r.status_code                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Out[22]: 500
In [23]: r = requests.post(url,json=data)                                                                                                                                                                                                        
In [24]: r.status_code                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Out[24]: 200
In [25]: r.content                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Out[25]: b'{"id":5,"name":"\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7\xe6\x9c\xba\xe6\x88\xbf","address":"\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}'
  • 详情相关的数据

idc/urls.py:

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'idcs/$',views.idc_list),
    url(r'idcs/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$',views.idc_detail),
]

views.py

from .models import Idc
from .serializers import IdcSerializer
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse

class JSONResponse(HttpResponse):
    def __init__(self,data,**kwargs):
        kwargs.setdefault('content_type', 'application/json')
        content = JSONRenderer().render(data)
        super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content=content,**kwargs)

def idc_list(request,*args,**kwargs):
    if request.method == "GET":
        queryset = Idc.objects.all()
        serializer = IdcSerializer(queryset,many=True)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)
        # content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
        # return HttpResponse(content,content_type="application/json")

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            content = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data)
            return HttpResponse(content, content_type="application/json")

def idc_detail(request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
    try:
        idc = Idc.objects.get(pk=pk)
    except Idc.DoesNotExist:
        return HttpResponse(status=404)

    if request.method == "GET":
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc)
        return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "POST":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "PUT":
        content = JSONParser().parse(request)
        serializer = IdcSerializer(idc,data=content)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return JSONResponse(serializer.data)

    elif request.method == "DELETE":
        idc.delete()
        return HttpResponse(status=204)

测试:

In [1]: import requests                                                                 
In [2]: url = "http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/2/"                                       
In [3]: requests.get(url)                                                               
Out[3]: <Response [200]>
In [4]: requests.get(url).content                                                       
Out[4]: b'{"id":2,"name":"\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7\xe6\x9c\xba\xe6\x88\xbf","address":"\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7","phone":"90909931","email":"shanghai@idc.com"}'
In [5]: requests.delete(url)                                                            
Out[5]: <Response [204]>
[vagrant@localhost ~]$ curl -s -X PUT -d '{"name":"wanghui"}' http://192.168.33.10:8080/idcs/1/     #更新操作
{"id":1,"name":"wanghui","address":"北京市酒仙桥","phone":"123990131","email":"beijing@idc.com"}[vagrant@localhost ~]$ 
    原文作者:wanghui
    原文地址: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017172802
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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