解决Python虚拟环境下不能使用sudo提升权限问题

问题描述

在虚拟环境下，执行某些命令需要有sudo提升权限，会导致该条命令退出虚拟环境:

如启动django 服务，需要监听80端口:

$: python manage.py runserver 80
Performing system checks...
 
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
March 15, 2018 - 07:43:40
Django version 2.0.3, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:80/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
Error: You don't have permission to access that port.

此时会提示权限不足，无法访问80端口。

所以通过sudo提升命令权限:

$: ~/python3env/helloworld$ sudo python manage.py runserver 80
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 11, in <module>
    "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?

此时会提示没有找到Django模块，可是经过如下验证，Django模块安装正常:

$: python
Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.__version__
'2.0.3'

而使用sudo启动python，会发现，Django模块无法导入:

$: sudo python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Dec  4 2017, 14:50:18) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named django

原来，在使用sudo执行命令的时候，该命令会退出当前虚拟环境执行:

$: sudo which python
/usr/bin/python
$: which python
/home/hzc/python3env/venv/bin/python

解决办法

1. 指定python路径

   $: sudo ../venv/bin/python manage.py runserver 80
   Performing system checks...
   
   System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
   March 15, 2018 - 07:55:29
   Django version 2.0.3, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
   Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:80/
   Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
   

2. 在脚本中指定python地址(局限于执行脚本)

   #!/usr/bin/env python 更改前
   #!/home/hzc/python3env/venv/bin/python 更改后

   执行脚本:

   $: sudo ./manage.py runserver 80
   Performing system checks...
   
   System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
   March 15, 2018 - 08:02:48
   Django version 2.0.3, using settings 'helloworld.settings'
   Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:80/
   Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

   ​