需求
数据表如下:
department表
|id|name|
user表
|id|name|department_id|
需求是得到以下结构的数据:
[
{
"id":1,
"name":"test",
"department_id":1,
"department":{
"id":1,
"name":"测试部门"
}
}
]
方法一:循环查询
- 查询用户列表
- 循环用户列表查询对应的部门信息
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `user`');
foreach($users as &$user) {
$users['department'] = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `department` WHERE `id` = '.$user['department_id']);
}
该方法查询次数为:1+N(1次查询列表,N次查询部门),性能最低,不可取。
方法二:连表
- 通过连表查询用户和部门数据
- 处理返回数据
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `user` INNER JOIN `department` ON `department`.`id` = `user`.`department_id`');
// 手动处理返回结果为需求结构
该方法其实也有局限性,如果 user 和 department 不在同一个服务器是不可以连表的。
方法三:1+1查询
- 该方法先查询1次用户列表
- 取出列表中的部门ID组成数组
- 查询步骤2中的部门
- 合并最终数据
代码大致如下:
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `user`');
$departmentIds =[ ];
foreach($users as $user) {
if(!in_array($user['department_id'], $departmentIds)) {
$departmentIds[] = $user['department_id'];
}
}
$departments = $db->query('SELECT * FROM `department` WHERE id in ('.join(',',$department_id).')');
$map = []; // [部门ID => 部门item]
foreach($departments as $department) {
$map[$department['id']] = $department;
}
foreach($users as $user) {
$user['department'] = $map[$user['department_id']] ?? null;
}
该方法对两个表没有限制,在目前微服务盛行的情况下是比较好的一种做法。