MySQL5.7+keepalived双主Gtid复制同步

2024年5月15日 111次阅读 来源: 汀云社

MySQL+keepalived双主Gtid复制同步

CentOS7环境：

master-1主机(192.168.1.10)
master-2主机(192.168.1.12)
keepalived virtual ip(192.168.1.100)

一、master-1主机配置

步骤：

①关闭防火墙或开启端口
[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

②配置主配开启二进制日志，开启gtid模式
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
server_id = 1
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.err
log-bin = mysql-bin
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = on
binlog_format = row
log-slave-updates = 1
skip_slave_start = 1
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 1
[client]
host = 127.0.0.1
user = root
password = 123.com

[root@192 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

③配置复制用户权限
mysql> grant replication slave on . to master1@’%’ identified by ‘123.com’;

二、mater-2主机配置与主从配置

步骤：

①关闭防火墙或开启端口
[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

②配置主配开启二进制日志，开启gtid模式
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
server_id = 2
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 2
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.err
log-bin = mysql-bin
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = on
binlog_format = row
log-slave-updates = 1
skip_slave_start = 1
[client]
host = 127.0.0.1
user = root
password = 123.com

[root@192 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

③配置复制用户权限
mysql> grant replication slave on . to master2@’%’ identified by ‘123.com’;

④开启master-2主机从同步
mysql> change master to master_host=’192.168.1.10′,master_user=’master1′,master_password=’123.com’,master_auto_position=1;
mysql> start slave ;
mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.10
                  Master_User: master1
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 736
               Relay_Log_File: 192-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 949
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
.......

⑤开启master-1主机从同步
mysql> change master to master_host=’192.168.1.12′,master_user=’master2′,master_password=’123.com’,master_auto_posittion=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.12
                  Master_User: master2
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1318
               Relay_Log_File: 192-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 996
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
........

三、keepalived配置

步骤：

①前往keepalived下载合适的版本，在两台master都与需要安装部署
[root@192 ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.4.3.tar.gz
[root@192 ~]# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
[root@192 ~]# cd keepalived-1.4.3/
[root@192 keepalived-1.4.3]# ./configure –prefix=/ && make && make install
[root@192 keepalived-1.4.3]# whereis keepalived
keepalived: /usr/sbin/keepalived /etc/keepalived
检查cent7启动脚本中执行程序位置
[root@192 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service

[Unit]
Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
After= network-online.target syslog.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/keepalived.pid
KillMode=process
EnvironmentFile=-//etc/sysconfig/keepalived
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

②master-1主机的keepalived主配
[root@192 ~]# setenforce 0
注意关闭selinx，否则可能导致notify_down脚本无法执行
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id mysql-1
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eno16777736
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.100 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.1.10 3306 {
        weight 1
    notify_down /root/mysql.sh
    TCP_CHECK{
            connect_timeout 3
            retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        connect_port 3306
        }
    }
}

③master-2主机的keepalived主配
[root@192 ~]# setenforce 0
注意关闭selinx，否则可能导致notify_down脚本无法执行
[root@192 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id mysql-2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eno16777736
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.100 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.1.12 3306 {
        weight 1
    notify_down /root/mysql.sh
    TCP_CHECK{
            connect_timeout 3
            retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        connect_port 3306
        }
    }
}

④notify_down脚本内容
[root@192 ~]# cat mysql.sh

#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived

[root@192 ~]# chmod +x mysql.sh
脚本内容的操作在两台主机都需要操作

四、测试

步骤：

①两台主机均启动keepalived，并且查看vip
[root@192 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@192 ~]# ps -ef | grep keepalived

root      24528      1  0 17:35 ?        00:00:00 //sbin/keepalived
root      24529  24528  0 17:35 ?        00:00:00 //sbin/keepalived
root      24530  24528  0 17:35 ?        00:00:00 //sbin/keepalived
root      25554   3223  0 17:39 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

[root@192 ~]# ip a

......
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:6a:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.10/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 83035sec preferred_lft 83035sec
    inet 192.168.1.100/32 scope global eno16777736
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:6a1e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
......

发现在master-1主机存在vip

②宕掉master-1的mysql服务再观察vip位置
[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@192 ~]# ps -ef | grep keepalived

root      28118   3222  0 17:38 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

发现停止msyql服务后keepalived也被杀掉，说明脚本执行成功
去到master-2主机观察vip
[root@192 ~]# ip a

.......
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:db:f7:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.12/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 82750sec preferred_lft 82750sec
    inet 192.168.1.100/32 scope global eno16777736
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedb:f7b8/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
.......

③重新启动master-1的msyql服务以及keepalived观察vip位置
[root@192 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@192 ~]# systemctl start keepalived

......
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:6a:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.10/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 82554sec preferred_lft 82554sec
    inet 192.168.1.100/32 scope global eno16777736
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:6a1e/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
.......

五、总结

1)在配置双主互从过程中需要注意什么？

①keepalived+mysql双主一般来说，中小型规模是最省事的。master节点发生故障后，利用keepalived的高可用机制实现快速切换备用节点

②在部署方案的过程中，两个节点的模式最好都为BACKUP模式，避免因为网络延迟，超过心跳检查时间，发生脑裂情况相互抢占MASTER导致写入相同数据引发的冲突

③两个节点的auto_increment_incremenet(自增步长)和auto_increment_offset(自增起始点)设为不同值。目的为了避免master意外宕机，可能会有部分binlog未能及时复制到slave上被应用，从而导致slave新写入数据的自增值和原先的master冲突，从offset起始点开始就错开了，避免了主键id的冲突，当然，如有合适的容错机制解决冲突话，也可以不这么设置

2)如果遇到主从延迟怎么解决？

①首先需要通过show slave statusG中 Seconds_Behind_Master观察主从之间延迟的状态
②slave节点服务器硬件配置不能与master节点相差太大，会大大导致复制的延迟
③如果对延迟问题很敏感，可以考虑更换mariadb分支版本，或者直接上线mysql5.7最新版本，利用多线程复制的方式可以很大程度降低复制延迟

mysql> show global variables like ‘slave_paralle%’;

Variable_nameValue
slave_parallel_typeDATABASE
slave_parallel_workers0

slave_parallel_workers：默认为0，表示为单线程

slave_parallel_type：默认多线程机制为一个线程处理一个DATABASE

mysql> set global slave_parallel_workers=4; #修改为四个线程操作

mysql> set global slave_parallel_type=’logical_clock’; #修改为并行复制

④调整master节点服务器DDL速度还有就是主库是写，对数据安全性较高，比如sync_binlog=1，innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 1 之类的设置，而slave则不需要这么高的数据安全，完全可以讲sync_binlog设置为0或者关闭binlog，innodb_flushlog也可以设置为0来提高sql的执行效率。另外就是使用比主库更好的硬件设备作为slave

    原文作者：汀云社
    原文地址: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014484218
    本文转自网络文章，转载此文章仅为分享知识，如有侵权，请联系博主进行删除。
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