Spring版本为5.1.5

简述

用过spring的人都知道，我们将对象注入到spring容器中，交给spring来帮我们管理。这种对象我们称之为bean对象。但是这些bean对象在spring容器中，到底是以什么形式存在，具有哪些属性、行为呢？今天我们进入到spring源码来一探究竟。

bean的创建工厂BeanFactory有个默认实现类DefaultListableBeanFactory，内部有个存放所有注入bean对象信息的Map

/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name. */
private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

Map的value对象BeanDefinition就是spring中对bean的定义和描述，具体概述如下：

注意：BeanDefinition是一个接口，内部只定义了bean对象的一些基本行为。上表中的属性在BeanDefinition中并不是真实存在的，只是通过set、get方法来设置和获取。以下抽取出部分BeanDefinition源代码供大家感知下

public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement {
    /**
     * Override the target scope of this bean, specifying a new scope name.
     * @see #SCOPE_SINGLETON
     * @see #SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
     */
    void setScope(@Nullable String scope);

    /**
     * Return the name of the current target scope for this bean,
     * or {@code null} if not known yet.
     */
    @Nullable
    String getScope();
}

实际使用

假设有以下两个bean，Java代码如下

MyTestBean

package com.yuanweiquan.learn.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Description;

public class MyTestBean {
    @Autowired
    private AutowireCandidateBean autowireCandidateBean;

    public void init() {
        System.out.println("inti MyTestBean");
    }

    public AutowireCandidateBean getAutowireCandidateBean() {
        return autowireCandidateBean;
    }
    public void setAutowireCandidateBean(AutowireCandidateBean bean) {
        this.autowireCandidateBean = bean;
    }
}

AutowireCandidateBean

package com.yuanweiquan.learn.bean;

public class AutowireCandidateBean {
    public void initBean() {
        System.out.println("init AutowireCandidateBean");
    }

    public void destroyBean() {
        System.out.println("destroy AutowireCandidateBean");
    }
}

下面看如何在配置文件applicationContext.xml来进行配置

   <bean id="myTestBean" class="com.yuanweiquan.learn.bean.MyTestBean" 
         depends-on="autowireCandidateBean" 
         init-method="init"/>
         
   <bean id="autowireCandidateBean" 
         class="com.yuanweiquan.learn.bean.AutowireCandidateBean"
         init-method="initBean"
         autowire-candidate="true"
         destroy-method="destroyBean"
         scope="singleton"
         parent="myTestBean"
         lazy-init="default"
         primary="true">
      <description>autowireCandidateBean description</description>
   </bean>

接下来就是测试代码

FileSystemXmlApplicationContext factory = 
        new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
BeanDefinition myTestBeanDefinition = 
        factory.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinition("autowireCandidateBean");
//输出
System.out.println("bean description:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getDescription());
System.out.println("bean class name:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getBeanClassName());
System.out.println("parent name:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getParentName());
System.out.println("scope:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getScope());
System.out.println("is lazyinit:" + myTestBeanDefinition.isLazyInit());
System.out.println("depends On:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getDependsOn());
System.out.println("is autowireCandidate:" + myTestBeanDefinition.isAutowireCandidate());
System.out.println("is primary:" + myTestBeanDefinition.isPrimary());
System.out.println("factory bean name:"+myTestBeanDefinition.getFactoryBeanName());
System.out.println("factory bean method name:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getFactoryMethodName());
System.out.println("init method name:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getInitMethodName());
System.out.println("destory method name:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getDestroyMethodName());
System.out.println("role:" + myTestBeanDefinition.getRole());
//关闭context，否则不会调用bean的销毁方法
factory.close();

控制台输出如下

init AutowireCandidateBean
inti MyTestBean
bean description:autowireCandidateBean description
bean class name:com.yuanweiquan.learn.bean.AutowireCandidateBean
parent name:myTestBean
scope:singleton
is lazyinit:false
depends On:null
is autowireCandidate:true
is primary:true
factory bean name:null
factory bean method name:null
init method name:initBean
destory method name:destroyBean
role:0
destroy AutowireCandidateBean

到此为止，通过上面的信息，我们能清晰的看到各属性对应的值。上述测试代码的目的是让我们大家能看到bean在spring容器中，以什么样子的形式存在，具体有哪些属性，属性的值以及默认值是多少。也算初步的揭开了spring容器中bean的面纱，其实并没有我们想象中的那么神秘。至于各属性的详细使用和注意事项，后续会有单独的文章来解析，尽情期待！