linuxc-进程竞争条件

当多个进程都企图对共享数据进行某种处理，而最后的结果又取决于进程运行的顺序时，我们认为发生了竞争条件(race condition)。

详情见《unix环境高级编程》8.9小节

解决方法：

1. waitpid、getppid等条件轮询
2. 进程间通讯，主要实现TELL_WAIT、TELL_PARENT、WAIT_PARENT、TELL_CHILD、WAIT_CHILD5个函数。

code

信号实现

见《unix环境高级编程》10.16

#include "apue.h"

static volatile sig_atomic_t sigflag; /* set nonzero by sig handler */
static sigset_t newmask, oldmask, zeromask;

static void
sig_usr(int signo)    /* one signal handler for SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 */
{
    sigflag = 1;
}

void
TELL_WAIT(void)
{
    if (signal(SIGUSR1, sig_usr) == SIG_ERR)
        err_sys("signal(SIGUSR1) error");
    if (signal(SIGUSR2, sig_usr) == SIG_ERR)
        err_sys("signal(SIGUSR2) error");
    sigemptyset(&zeromask);
    sigemptyset(&newmask);
    sigaddset(&newmask, SIGUSR1);
    sigaddset(&newmask, SIGUSR2);

    /* Block SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2, and save current signal mask */
    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &newmask, &oldmask) < 0)
        err_sys("SIG_BLOCK error");
}

void
TELL_PARENT(pid_t pid)
{
    kill(pid, SIGUSR2);        /* tell parent we're done */
}

void
WAIT_PARENT(void)
{
    while (sigflag == 0)
        sigsuspend(&zeromask);    /* and wait for parent */
    sigflag = 0;

    /* Reset signal mask to original value */
    if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL) < 0)
        err_sys("SIG_SETMASK error");
}

void
TELL_CHILD(pid_t pid)
{
    kill(pid, SIGUSR1);            /* tell child we're done */
}

void
WAIT_CHILD(void)
{
    while (sigflag == 0)
        sigsuspend(&zeromask);    /* and wait for child */
    sigflag = 0;

    /* Reset signal mask to original value */
    if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL) < 0)
        err_sys("SIG_SETMASK error");
}

管道实现

见《unix环境高级编程》15.2

#include "apue.h"

static int    pfd1[2], pfd2[2];

void
TELL_WAIT(void)
{
    if (pipe(pfd1) < 0 || pipe(pfd2) < 0)
        err_sys("pipe error");
}

void
TELL_PARENT(pid_t pid)
{
    if (write(pfd2[1], "c", 1) != 1)
        err_sys("write error");
}

void
WAIT_PARENT(void)
{
    char    c;

    if (read(pfd1[0], &c, 1) != 1)
        err_sys("read error");

    if (c != 'p')
        err_quit("WAIT_PARENT: incorrect data");
}

void
TELL_CHILD(pid_t pid)
{
    if (write(pfd1[1], "p", 1) != 1)
        err_sys("write error");
}

void
WAIT_CHILD(void)
{
    char    c;

    if (read(pfd2[0], &c, 1) != 1)
        err_sys("read error");

    if (c != 'c')
        err_quit("WAIT_CHILD: incorrect data");
}