安装完Linux后相关配置

2024年3月30日 223次阅读 来源: MockingBird

1.sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

2.设置root的密码
sudo passwd root

3.修改更新源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
源setting change to 163

4.安装语言包
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-zh-hant

5.修改系统时间
apt-get install -y ntpdate
ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org
date

6.IBus
IBus拼音：sudo apt-get install ibus-pinyin
IBUS五笔：sudo apt-get install ibus-table-wubi
谷歌拼音输入法：sudo apt-get install ibus-googlepinyin
Sun拼音输入法：sudo apt-get install ibus-sunpinyin

7.gedit中文乱码:
sudo gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.encodings auto-detected “[‘GB18030’, ‘GB2312’, ‘GBK’, ‘UTF-8’, ‘BIG5’, ‘CURRENT’, ‘UTF-16’]”
sudo gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.encodings shown-in-menu “[‘GB18030’, ‘GB2312’, ‘GBK’, ‘UTF-8’, ‘BIG5’, ‘CURRENT’, ‘UTF-16’]”

8.升级系统组件
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoremove -y
sudo apt-get -fy install
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential gcc g++ make
sudo apt-get install curl subdownloader banshee radiotray stardict dconf-tools uget deluge conky ssh nautilus-open-terminal cairo-dock rar unrar p7zip p7zip-rar p7zip-full

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:docky-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docky

9.安装Ubuntu tweak
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
安装新立得:
sudo apt-get install synaptic

10.
先卸载系统自带的ibus输入法,终端输入sudo apt-get remove –purge ibus或者sudo dpkg -P ibus
安装Fcitx输入法：
sudo apt-get install fcitx #安装小企鹅输入法
sudo apt-get install fcitx-sunpinyin #Sun拼音输入法
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-wbpy #五笔拼音
将 fcitx 设置成默认的输入法: 终端输入:im-switch -s fcitx -z default
终端输入 fcitx -r
killall fcitx
添加开机启动 fcitx:终端输入 gnome-session-properties –> 填写的命令为 fcitx -d -r
define skin:
sudo tar -zxvf fcitx_skin.tar.gz
sudo cp -r ~/fcitx_skin/* /usr/share/fcitx/skin/
sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/share/fcitx/skin/
[
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fcitx-team/nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fcitx fcitx-config-gtk fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-googlepinyin fcitx-module-cloudpinyin fcitx-sogoupinyin
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-all
im-switch -s fcitx -z default
]

11.天气指示器：sudo apt-get install indicator-weather
系统负载指示器：sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload
安装Indicator-Sysmonitor:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexeftimie/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor
显示网速:
sudo apt-get install dstat

12.install flashplayer
tar -zxvf install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz
sudo cp ./libflashplayer.so /home/eric/.mozilla/plugins/
sudo cp -r ./usr/* /usr/

13.vim的安装和配置
sudo apt-get install vim
配置vim支持C/C++的自动补全:
sudo apt-get install ctags
下载插件clang:http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=3302
下载cpp_src，支持STL补全：http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2358
解压后复制到/usr/include/c++中，然后使用ctags生成tags文件：
sudo ctags -R –c++-kinds=+p –fields=+iaS –extra=+q –language-force=C++ . (后面有个. ，表示当前目录)
然后退到include文件夹中
sudo ctags -R .
然后在 .vimrc文件中加入
set tags+=/usr/include/tags
set tags+=/usr/include/c++/tags
(2）安装：vim clang_complete.vmb -c ‘so %’ -c ‘q’（使用vim打开clang_complete.vmb）
最后会在 .vim文件夹中发现clang_complete相关的文件,这个插件要比omnicomplete插件好多了
这两个插件不能同时存在，要使用omnicomplete插件的话,安装教程：http://www.cnblogs.com/xkfz007/articles/2501888.html
在vim的配置文件中 .vimrc中
let g:clang_complete_auto=1
let g:clang_complete_copen=1
let g:clang_periodic_quickfix=0
let g:clang_snippets=1
let g:clang_close_preview=1
let g:clang_user_options=’-IIncludePath’
let g:clang_complete_macros=1
let g:clang_hl_errors=1
let g:clang_complete_patterns=1
(3）安装SuperTab，支持Tab健补全
下载：http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1643
安装：
1. Download supertab.vmb to any directory.
2. Open the file in vim ($ vim supertab.vmb).
3. Source the file (:so %).
{
set iskeyword+=_,$,@,%,#,-
set t_Co=256
set number
“set guifont=WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono\ 10.0
“set guifontset=Microsoft\ YaHei\ 11
set wildmenu
set backupcopy=yes
set nobackup
set autochdir
set magic
set autowrite
“set cursorline
“colorscheme desert
“colorscheme neon
set showmatch
” 使回格键（backspace）正常处理indent, eol, start等
set backspace=indent,eol,start
” 允许backspace和光标键跨越行边界
autocmd FileType c,cpp map :w :make
language messages zh_CN.utf-8
let &termencoding=&encoding
set fileencodings=utf-8,gbk
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
” 可以在buffer的任何地方使用鼠标（类似office中在工作区双击鼠标定位）
set viminfo+=!
set mouse=a
set nowrap
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
“不要使用vi的键盘模式，而是vim自己的
set nocompatible
” 设置当文件被改动时自动载入
set autoread
” 去掉输入错误的提示声音
set noeb
” 在处理未保存或只读文件的时候，弹出确认
set confirm
“//
“在编辑过程中，在右下角显示光标位置的状态行
set ruler
“”默认情况下，寻找匹配是高亮度显示的，该设置关闭高亮显示
set nohls
“设置匹配模式，类似当输入一个左括号时会匹配相应的那个右括号
set showmatch
“//
” 在行和段开始处使用制表符
set smartcase
set smartindent
set smarttab
set wildmode=list:full
set noscrollbind
set ignorecase
set hlsearch
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
set autoread
filetype plugin indent on
let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = ‘/usr/local/bin/ctags’
nnoremap :tabnext
nnoremap :tabprev
nnoremap :NERDTree
“保存
”
map :call Save()
func! Save()
if (&filetype==”c” || &filetype == “cpp” || &filetype==”h”)
exec “w”
exec “!ctags -f ~/.tags -R *.c *.cpp *.h”
else
exec “w”
endif
endfunc
“inoremap
set updatetime=100
let g:SuperTabRetainCompletionType=0
“let g:SuperTabDefaultCompletionType=”context”
let g:SuperTabDefaultCompletionType=” ”
au CursorMovedI,InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|silent! pclose|endif
set completeopt=menuone,menu,longest “,preview
let g:AutoComplPop_NotEnableAtStartup = 1
let g:AutoComplPop_IgnoreCaseOption=1
set ignorecase
highlight Pmenu ctermbg=white ctermfg=black
highlight PmenuSel ctermbg=blue ctermfg=black
let g:clang_complete_auto=1
let g:clang_complete_copen=1
let g:clang_periodic_quickfix=0
let g:clang_snippets=0
let g:clang_close_preview=1
“let g:clang_use_library=1
let g:clang_user_options=’-IIncludePath’
let g:clang_complete_macros=1
let g:clang_hl_errors=1
let g:clang_complete_patterns=1
set nocp
set nocompatible
filetype plugin on
” completion.
inoremap pumvisible() ? “\ ” : “\ ”
map en :NeoComplCacheEnable
” snippets expand key
“imap (neocomplcache_snippets_expand)
“smap (neocomplcache_snippets_expand)
set tags+=/usr/include/tags
set tags+=/usr/include/c++/tags
“map :!ctags -R –c++-kinds=+p –fields=+iaS –extra=+q .
” F5编译C/C++程序
map :call CompileRunGcc()
func! CompileRunGcc()
exec “w”
” exec “!rm -f %<.o”
if &filetype == “c”
exec “!gcc -Wall -lm % -o %<.o -I . ”
elseif &filetype == “cpp”
exec “!g++ -Wall -lm % -o %<.o -I . ”
endif
“exec “!echo % 文件编译完成”
endfunc
“F6执行
map :call RunApp()
func! RunApp()
exec “! ./%<.o”
endfunc
“F7调试
map :call AppDebug()
func! AppDebug()
exec “w”
exec “!rm -f %<.o”
if &filetype == “c”
exec “!gcc -g % -o %<.o -I . ”
elseif &filetype == “cpp”
exec “!g++ -g % -o %<.o -I . ”
endif
exec “!gdb %<.o”
endfunc

 " 在输入模式下移动光标，彻底抛弃方向键
 inoremap <C-h> <left>
 inoremap <C-j> <C-o>gj
 inoremap <C-k> <C-o>gk
 inoremap <C-l> <Right>
 inoremap <M-h> <C-o>b
 inoremap <M-l> <C-o>w
 inoremap <C-a> <Home>
 inoremap <C-e> <End>

 autocmd FileType c  map <buffer> <leader><space> :w<cr>:make<cr>
 map <F7> :w <CR> :make<CR> :copen<CR><CR>
 map <C-F7> :call OpenWin()<CR>
 let g:isopen = 1
 func! OpenWin()
  if g:isopen == 0
          let g:isopen = 1
      exec "cw"
  elseif g:isopen == 1
      let g:isopen = 0
      exec "cclose"
  endif
 endfunc
 hi Number    ctermfg=darkcyan
 hi Comment    ctermfg=blue

}

14.终端命令行的颜色
在.bashrc文件添加
PS1=’${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}[\033[00;32m]\u@\h[\033[00m]:[\033[00;34m]\w[\033[00m]\$’

15.常用软件
VLC
Deepin UI 和深度影音
wine
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wine1.5

爱壁纸 HD

16.jupiter:很好的电源管理软件安装代码:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install jupiter

17.禁止 Ubuntu 的错误报告
sudo gedit /etc/default/apport –> enable=1 改为 enable=0

18.录制屏幕ffmpeg:
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
ffmpeg -f alsa -i pulse -f x11grab -r 30 -s 1366*768 -i :0.0 -threads 4 -y -sameq my-desktop-rec.mkv

19.grub 加上密码
sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/00_head,在末尾添加:

cat << EOF
set superusers=”eric”
password eric 123456
EOF

sudo update-grub

20.sudo gedit /etc/default/grub –> GRUB_TIMEOUT=10改为GRUB_TIMEOUT=0

21.grub2 background image
#http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20/GRUB2%20Splashimages.html
#http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20/GRUB2%20Configuration%20File%20Commands.html
sudo apt-get install grub2-splashimages
sudo gedit /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme

# Include the configuration of desktop-base if available.
if [ -f “/usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh” ]; then
. “/usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh”
else
WALLPAPER=”/usr/share/images/grub/Lake_mapourika_NZ.tga”
COLOR_NORMAL=”white/black”
COLOR_HIGHLIGHT=”black/light-gray”
fi

sudo update-grub

22.美化Ubuntu faenza-icon-theme
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tiheum/equinox
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install faenza-icon-theme

23.安装传统的 Gnome 桌面
sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules

24.iptables
sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules

25.Bumblebee
lspci |grep -i vga

    原文作者：MockingBird
    原文地址: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000616474
    本文转自网络文章，转载此文章仅为分享知识，如有侵权，请联系博主进行删除。
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