一、NSRegularExpression
1. 正则表达式的创建
+ (nullable NSRegularExpression *)regularExpressionWithPattern:(NSString *)pattern options:(NSRegularExpressionOptions)options error:(NSError **)error;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithPattern:(NSString *)pattern options:(NSRegularExpressionOptions)options error:(NSError **)error该类中的属性
-
pattern返回正则表达式模式 -
options返回创建正则表达式选项时使用的选项 -
numberOfCaptureGroups返回正则表达式模式
options 定义的枚举类型如下：
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSRegularExpressionOptions) {
NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive = 1 << 0, //不区分大小写的
NSRegularExpressionAllowCommentsAndWhitespace = 1 << 1, //忽略空格和# -
NSRegularExpressionIgnoreMetacharacters = 1 << 2, //整体化
NSRegularExpressionDotMatchesLineSeparators = 1 << 3, //匹配任何字符，包括行分隔符
NSRegularExpressionAnchorsMatchLines = 1 << 4, //允许^和$在匹配的开始和结束行
NSRegularExpressionUseUnixLineSeparators = 1 << 5, //(查找范围为整个无效)
NSRegularExpressionUseUnicodeWordBoundaries = 1 << 6 //(查找范围为整个无效)
};2. 搜索字符串
//枚举允许Block处理每个正则表达式匹配的字符串
- (void)enumerateMatchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range usingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(NSTextCheckingResult * _Nullable result, NSMatchingFlags flags, BOOL *stop))block;
//返回一个数组，包含字符串中正则表达式的所有匹配项
- (NSArray<NSTextCheckingResult *> *)matchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;
//返回字符串指定范围内匹配数
- (NSUInteger)numberOfMatchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;
//返回字符串指定范围内第一个匹配项。
- (nullable NSTextCheckingResult *)firstMatchInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;
//返回字符串指定范围内第一个匹配的范围
- (NSRange)rangeOfFirstMatchInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range;NSMatchingOptions的定义如下:
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSMatchingOptions) {
NSMatchingReportProgress = 1 << 0, /* 在长时间运行的匹配操作中定期调用Block */
NSMatchingReportCompletion = 1 << 1, /* 完成任何匹配后，调用Block一次*/
NSMatchingAnchored = 1 << 2, /*指定匹配仅限于搜索范围开始时的匹配 */
NSMatchingWithTransparentBounds = 1 << 3, /* 定匹配可以检查超出搜索范围的范围的字符串的部分，以用于诸如字边界检测，前瞻等。如果搜索范围包含整个字符串，该常量将不起作用 */
NSMatchingWithoutAnchoringBounds = 1 << 4 /* 指定^并且$不会自动匹配搜索范围的开始和结束，但仍将与整个字符串的开头和结尾相匹配。如果搜索范围包含整个字符串，则该常量不起作用 */
};3.替换字符串
//返回与模板字符串替换的匹配正则表达式的新字符串
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingMatchesInString:(NSString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range withTemplate:(NSString *)templ;
//返回替换的个数
- (NSUInteger)replaceMatchesInString:(NSMutableString *)string options:(NSMatchingOptions)options range:(NSRange)range withTemplate:(NSString *)templ;
//自定义替换功能
- (NSString *)replacementStringForResult:(NSTextCheckingResult *)result inString:(NSString *)string offset:(NSInteger)offset template:(NSString *)templ;
//通过根据需要添加反斜杠转义来返回模板字符串，以保护符合模式元字符的任何字符
+ (NSString *)escapedTemplateForString:(NSString *)string;使用示例
NSString *str = @"aabbcccdeaargdo14141214aaghfh56821d3gad4";
NSRegularExpression *expression = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"aa" options:NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive error:NULL];
if (expression != nil) {
//匹配到的第一组
NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch = [expression firstMatchInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
NSRange range = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
NSString *result = [str substringWithRange:range];
NSLog(@"匹配到的第一组:%@",result);
//匹配到的个数
NSInteger number = [expression numberOfMatchesInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
NSLog(@"匹配到的个数%ld",number);
//配到到的所有数据
NSArray *allMatch = [expression matchesInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
for (int i = 0; i < allMatch.count; i ++) {
NSTextCheckingResult *matchItem = allMatch[i];
NSRange range = [matchItem rangeAtIndex:0];
NSString *result = [str substringWithRange:range];
NSLog(@"匹配到的数据:%@",result);
}
//匹配到第一组的位置
NSRange firstRange = [expression rangeOfFirstMatchInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length)];
NSLog(@"匹配到第一组的位置:开始位置%lu--长度%lu",(unsigned long)firstRange.location,(unsigned long)firstRange.length);
//替换字符串
NSString *resultStr = [expression stringByReplacingMatchesInString:str options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length) withTemplate:@"bbbb"];
NSLog(@"替换后的字符串:%@",resultStr);
NSInteger resultNum = [expression replaceMatchesInString:[str mutableCopy] options:NSMatchingReportProgress range:NSMakeRange(0, str.length) withTemplate:@"bbbb"];
NSLog(@"替换的个数;%ld",(long)resultNum);
}
打印log:
2017-08-13 23:28:53.898 NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的第一组:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的个数3
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的数据:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的数据:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到的数据:aa
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 匹配到第一组的位置:开始位置0--长度2
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 替换后的字符串:bbbbbbcccdebbbbrgdo14141214bbbbghfh56821d3gad4
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82046:8220904] 替换的个数;3二、字符串
//NSStringCompareOptions --> NSRegularExpressionSearch
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)searchString options:(NSStringCompareOptions)mask range:(NSRange)rangeOfReceiverToSearch locale:(nullable NSLocale *)locale从上面的api可以看出，只能匹配到第一组
使用示例
NSString *str = @"aabbcccdeaargdo14141214aaghfh56821d3gad4";
NSRange strMatchStr = [str rangeOfString:@"aa" options:NSRegularExpressionSearch];
NSLog(@"匹配到字符串的位置:开始位置%lu--长度%lu",(unsigned long)strMatchStr.location,(unsigned long)strMatchStr.length)
打印log:
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82080:8224265] 匹配到字符串的位置:开始位置0--长度2三、谓词
使用示例
NSString *str2 = @"aabbcc";
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@",@"^aa(.)*cc$"];
BOOL isMatch = [predicate evaluateWithObject:str2];
NSLog(@"匹配的结果:%d",isMatch);
打印log:
NSRegularExpressionDemo[82679:8253019] 匹配的结果:1