使用Selenium操作headless chrome 推荐
简介
WebDriver是一个W3C标准, 定义了一套检查和控制用户代理（比如浏览器）的远程控制接口，各大主流浏览器来实现这些接口以便调用控制接口来操作浏览器。
Selenium是一整套的Web自动化测试解决方案，配合WebDrive规范，实现了对各种用户代理的适配（比如浏览器,PhantomJS等），通过操作浏览器的WebDriver接口来实现带浏览器的Web自动化。
使用selenium-webdriver
selenium相关的API文档selenium-webdriver的JavaScriptAPI文档
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver'),
By = webdriver.By;
const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.forBrowser('chrome')
.build();
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then((args) => {
// 获取百度搜索按钮的 文本
driver.findElement(By.id('su')).then((element) => {
return element.getAttribute('value')
}).then((btnName) => {
console.log(btnName)
});
// 获取百度首页 title
driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log(title);
});
});
driver.quit();
使用browserstack-webdriver
只是获取driver的方式不一样，其他调用完全一样
const webdriver = require('browserstack-webdriver'),
By = webdriver.By;
// Input capabilities
const capabilities = {
'browserName' : 'firefox',
'browserstack.user' : BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME,
'browserstack.key' : BROWSERSTACK_KEY
}
const driver = new webdriver.Builder().
usingServer('http://hub.browserstack.com/wd/hub').
withCapabilities(capabilities).
build();
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then((args) => {
// 获取百度搜索按钮的 文本
driver.findElement(By.id('su')).then((element) => {
return element.getAttribute('value')
}).then((btnName) => {
console.log(btnName)
});
// 获取百度首页 title
driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log(title);
});
});
driver.quit();使用 chromedriver
chromedriver是一个编码辅助，自动配置环境变量，不需要手动下载和配置环境变量，通过安装chromedriver同时在代码中引入
require('chromedriver')更换获取源的URL（使用如下任意一种就行）
安装过程添加参数，默认下载地址为
http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.comnpm install chromedriver --chromedriver_cdnurl=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver添加如下内容到
.npmrc文件
chromedriver_cdnurl=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver添加环境变量
CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL
CHROMEDRIVER_CDNURL=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver npm install chromedriver更换安装的chromedriver文件路径
安装过程使用配置参数
npm install chromedriver --chromedriver_filepath=/path/to/chromedriver_mac64.zip添加如下内容到
.npmrc文件
chromedriver_filepath=/path/to/chromedriver_mac64.zip添加环境变量
CHROMEDRIVER_FILEPATH=/path/to/chromedriver_mac64.zip使用mocha + chai
简介
mocha是一个可以运行在浏览器端和NodeJS环境的JavaScript测试框架，区别于类库，框架定义好了流程，并调用你的代码。
chai是一个断言库，判断结果是否符合预期。
实例代码
const chai = require('chai');
const chromeDriver = require('selenium-webdriver/chrome')
const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver'),
By = webdriver.By;
const driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.forBrowser('chrome')
.setChromeOptions(new chromeDriver.Options().addArguments(['headless']))
.build();
describe('首页加载测试',function(){
// 获取百度搜索按钮的 文本
describe('按钮文本',function(){
it('按钮文本必须等于',function(done){
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then(function(){
driver.findElement(By.id('su')).then((element) => {
return element.getAttribute('value')
}).then((btnName) => {
console.log(btnName);
chai.expect(btnName).to.equal('百度一下');
done();
});
});
})
});
// 获取百度首页 title
describe('首页标题',function(){
it('首页标题应该为',function(done){
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com').then(function(){
driver.getTitle().then((title) => {
console.log(title);
chai.expect(title).to.equal('百度一下，你就知道');
done();
});
});
});
});
after(function(){
driver.quit();
})
});使用Karma + mocha + chai
简介
Karma是一个用JavaScript实现的测试执行器，实现了如下内容
安装相应的依赖库
npm i --save-dev karma karma-chrome-launcher karma-mocha karma-chai
npm i --save-dev mocha chai生成配置文件
在工程目录下执行如下命令
./node_modules/.bin/karma init一路按照提示操作即可，生成的配置文件在工程目录下karma.conf.js，内容大致如下：
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Mon Jul 10 2017 19:49:48 GMT+0800 (CST)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['mocha'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress'],
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['Chrome'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: false,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity
})
}调整配置支持headless chrome
可以到这里,查看chrome相关的karma-launcher，有ChromeHeadless和ChromeCanaryHeadless这两个headless驱动可以选择。
调整配置支持ES6，添加webpack
npm i webpack karma-webpack babel-core babel-loader babel-preset-es2015调整配置增加测试覆盖度
npm i babel-plugin-istanbul最终的到的Karma配置文件
karma.conf.js
// Karma configuration
// Generated on Mon Jul 10 2017 19:49:48 GMT+0800 (CST)
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['mocha','chai'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
'test/**/*.js'
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
'test/**/*.js': ['webpack']
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress', 'coverage'],
coverageReporter: {
type: 'html',
dir: 'coverage/'
},
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['ChromeHeadless'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: true,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity,
webpack: {
module: {
loaders: [{
test: /\.js$/,
loader: 'babel-loader',
exclude: /node_modules/,
query: {
presets: ['es2015'],
plugins: ['istanbul']
}
}]
}
}
})
}编写代码
src/index.js
const isType = (data, type) => {
return ['[object ', type, ']'].join('') === Object.prototype.toString.call(data)
};
const isFunction = (data) => {
return isType(data, 'Function')
};
const isArray = (data) => {
return isType(data, 'Array')
};
module.exports = {
isType,
isFunction,
isArray
}编写测试用例
test/index.js
const typeUtil = require('../src/index')
describe('index.js: ', () => {
it('isFunction() should work fine.', () => {
expect(typeUtil.isFunction(function(){})).to.equal(true)
expect(typeUtil.isFunction(Object.prototype.toString)).to.equal(true)
});
it('isArray() should work file.', () => {
expect(typeUtil.isArray([])).to.equal(true)
expect(typeUtil.isArray({})).to.equal(false)
})
});
运行测试
在当前目录下运行
./node_modules/.bin/karma start或者添加如下代码到
package.json
"scripts": {
"test": "karma start"
} 然后运行npm run test
查看结果
命令行能看到运行结果
在工程目录下的
coverage目录能看到相应的覆盖率报告
存在的问题
Karma是将测试Case在浏览器中运行并查看结果，当页面的url 改变的时候，会影响到整个Karma的执行，会有类似Some of your tests did a full page reload!这样的提示。上面打开百度首页检查按钮和title的例子在Karma中还没有找到合适的方式写出来。
