回答背景知识

这些都是装饰器（decorator）。装饰器是一种特殊的函数，要么接受函数作为输入参数，并返回一个函数，要么接受一个类作为输入参数，并返回一个类。

@标记是语法糖（syntactic sugar），可以让你以简单易读得方式装饰目标对象。

@my_decorator
def my_func(stuff): do_things Is equivalent to def my_func(stuff): do_things my_func = my_decorator(my_func) 

你可以在本网站上找到介绍装饰器工作原理的教材。

真正的答案

@classmethod, @staticmethod和@property这三个装饰器的使用对象是在类中定义的函数。下面的例子展示了它们的用法和行为：

class MyClass(object): def __init__(self): self._some_property = "properties are nice" self._some_other_property = "VERY nice" def normal_method(*args,**kwargs): print "calling normal_method({0},{1})".format(args,kwargs) @classmethod def class_method(*args,**kwargs): print "calling class_method({0},{1})".format(args,kwargs) @staticmethod def static_method(*args,**kwargs): print "calling static_method({0},{1})".format(args,kwargs) @property def some_property(self,*args,**kwargs): print "calling some_property getter({0},{1},{2})".format(self,args,kwargs) return self._some_property @some_property.setter def some_property(self,*args,**kwargs): print "calling some_property setter({0},{1},{2})".format(self,args,kwargs) self._some_property = args[0] @property def some_other_property(self,*args,**kwargs): print "calling some_other_property getter({0},{1},{2})".format(self,args,kwargs) return self._some_other_property o = MyClass() # 未装饰的方法还是正常的行为方式，需要当前的类实例（self）作为第一个参数。 o.normal_method # <bound method MyClass.normal_method of <__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fdd2537ea28>> o.normal_method() # normal_method((<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fdd2537ea28>,),{}) o.normal_method(1,2,x=3,y=4) # normal_method((<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fdd2537ea28>, 1, 2),{'y': 4, 'x': 3}) # 类方法的第一个参数永远是该类 o.class_method # <bound method classobj.class_method of <class __main__.MyClass at 0x7fdd2536a390>> o.class_method() # class_method((<class __main__.MyClass at 0x7fdd2536a390>,),{}) o.class_method(1,2,x=3,y=4) # class_method((<class __main__.MyClass at 0x7fdd2536a390>, 1, 2),{'y': 4, 'x': 3}) # 静态方法（static method）中除了你调用时传入的参数以外，没有其他的参数。 o.static_method # <function static_method at 0x7fdd25375848> o.static_method() # static_method((),{}) o.static_method(1,2,x=3,y=4) # static_method((1, 2),{'y': 4, 'x': 3}) # @property是实现getter和setter方法的一种方式。直接调用它们是错误的。 # “只读”属性可以通过只定义getter方法，不定义setter方法实现。 o.some_property # 调用some_property的getter(<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fb2b70877e8>,(),{}) # 'properties are nice' # “属性”是很好的功能 o.some_property() # calling some_property getter(<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fb2b70877e8>,(),{}) # Traceback (most recent call last): # File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> # TypeError: 'str' object is not callable o.some_other_property # calling some_other_property getter(<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fb2b70877e8>,(),{}) # 'VERY nice' # o.some_other_property() # calling some_other_property getter(<__main__.MyClass instance at 0x7fb2b70877e8>,(),{}) # Traceback (most recent call last): # File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> # TypeError: 'str' object is not callable o.some_property = "groovy" # calling some_property setter(<__main__.MyClass object at 0x7fb2b7077890>,('groovy',),{}) o.some_property # calling some_property getter(<__main__.MyClass object at 0x7fb2b7077890>,(),{}) # 'groovy' o.some_other_property = "very groovy" # Traceback (most recent call last): # File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> # AttributeError: can't set attribute o.some_other_property # calling some_other_property getter(<__main__.MyClass object at 0x7fb2b7077890>,(),{})

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