LeetCode | Gray Code

题目:

The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.

Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.

For example, given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]. Its gray code sequence is:

00 - 0
01 - 1
11 - 3
10 - 2

Note:
For a given n, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.

For example, [0,2,3,1] is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.

For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.

思路:

为了理解这个问题,我们可以想象每个数表示的是n维空间中的点,二进制中的每一位就是一个维度。例如,n=2时,我们得到的是00,01,11,10这样的一个二维的正方形;n=3时,我们得到的是一个立方体。题目中的变化条件可以解释为每次只能在某个维度上做一个移动(1->0或0->1),最终的答案代表着用一条路径遍历整个n维图形的所有顶点。总体来说有两个思路: 思路一:每次改变一个维度,例如三维平面中依次改编1,2,3,2,1,2,3,不过此方法不能被LeetCode的测试数据所接受。 思路二:遍历n维平面的过程为,从n维的某个数出发,保持最高维度不变的情况下,遍历n-1维;再取出n-1维遍历后的最后一位,将其最高位改变,然后再保持最高维度不变遍历n-1维。如果可以形成一个递归问题,最终简化为1维即1->0与0->1两种情况。

代码:

思路一:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> grayCode(int n) {
        // Start typing your C/C++ solution below
        // DO NOT write int main() function
        vector<int> v;
        if(n <=0 )
        {
            v.push_back(0);
            return v;
        }
        else if(n == 1)
        {
            v.push_back(0);
            v.push_back(1);
            
            return v;
        }
        
        v.push_back(0);
        int pre = 0;
        int dim = 1;
        bool increase = true;
        
        int run = 0;
        int total = pow(2, n);
        while(run < total-1)
        {
            pre = createCode(pre, dim);
            v.push_back(pre);
            run++;
            if(dim == n)
            {
                increase = false;
                dim--;
            }
            else if(dim == 1)
            {
                increase = true;
                dim++;
            }
            else
            {
                dim = increase?dim+1:dim-1;
            }
        };
        
        return v;
    }
    
    int createCode(int pre, int dim)
    {
        int tmp = 1;
        while(dim > 1)
        {
            tmp *= 2;
            dim -= 1;
        }
        if(pre / tmp % 2 == 0)
        {
            pre += tmp;
        }
        else
        {
            pre -= tmp;
        }
        return pre;
    }
};

思路二:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> result;
    vector<int> grayCode(int n) {
        int cur = 0;
        result.push_back(cur);
        grayChange(cur, n);
        return result;
    }
    
    void grayChange(int &cur, int dim){
        if(dim == 0){
            return;
        }
        
        if(dim > 1){
            grayChange(cur, dim - 1);
        }
        
        if((cur >> (dim - 1)) % 2 == 0){
            cur += 1 << (dim - 1);
        }
        else{
            cur -= 1 << (dim - 1);
        }
        result.push_back(cur);
        
        if(dim > 1){
            grayChange(cur, dim - 1);
        }
    }
};

精简版

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> grayCode(int n) {
        vector<int> results;
        
        if (n == 0)
        {
            results.push_back(0);
        }
        else if(n > 0)
        {
            results = grayCode(n-1);
            int length = results.size();
            for (int i = length -1 ; i >=0 ; i--)
            {
                results.push_back(results[i] + (1<<(n-1)));
            }
        }
        return results;
        
    }
};

    原文作者:Allanxl
    原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/lanxu_yy/article/details/12155397
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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