问题描述
求两个已排序数据的交集和并集,要求时间复杂度为O(m+n).
解题思路
A数组和B数组,A数组大小为m,B数组大小为n。
1、查找B数组的每个成员是否在A数组中,时间复杂度为O(mn)
2、由于A和B数组都是有序数组,使用二分法查找B数组的每个成员是否在A数组中,时间复杂度为O(n*lgm)。如果n比m大,则查找A数组的成员是否在B数组中,时间复杂度为O(m*lgn)。
3、使用hash表,将A数组的值使用hash表保存,B中的值判断是否存在A中,由于hash表的查找时间复杂度为O(1),所以该算法的时间复杂度为O(n)。但是此方法只适合m比较小的情况,如果A数组比较大,hash表容易产生collision的情况,hash表的查找平均速度将不再是O(1)。
4、使用两个指针分别指向数组A和数组B,指向数据小的指针往前继续移动,保存两个指针指向相同数据的值,直到两个指针都指向数组末尾,该算法的时间复杂度为O(m+n)。
交集就是保存两个指针指向相同的值,并集就是保存两个指针指向不同的值,并且保存一份指向相同的值
C++代码
//获取两个排序数组的交集
void GetIntersectionSet(int ABuffer[],int ALength, int BBuffer[],int BLength,vector<int>& intersectionSet)
{
int pointerA = 0;
int pointerB = 0;
while(pointerA < ALength && pointerB < BLength)
{
if(ABuffer[pointerA] < BBuffer[pointerB])
{
pointerA++;
}
else if(BBuffer[pointerB] < ABuffer[pointerA])
{
pointerB++;
}
else
{
intersectionSet.push_back(ABuffer[pointerA]);
pointerA++;
pointerB++;
}
}
}
//获取两个排序数组的并集
void GetUnionSet(int ABuffer[],int ALength, int BBuffer[],int BLength,vector<int>& unionSet)
{
int pointerA = 0;
int pointerB = 0;
while(pointerA < ALength && pointerB < BLength)
{
if(ABuffer[pointerA] < BBuffer[pointerB])
{
unionSet.push_back(ABuffer[pointerA]);
pointerA++;
}
else if(BBuffer[pointerB] < ABuffer[pointerA])
{
unionSet.push_back(BBuffer[pointerB]);
pointerB++;
}
else
{
unionSet.push_back(ABuffer[pointerA]);
pointerA++;
pointerB++;
}
}
if(pointerA < ALength)
{
for(int i = pointerA; i < ALength;i++)
{
unionSet.push_back(ABuffer[i]);
}
}
if(pointerB < BLength)
{
for(int i = pointerB; i < BLength;i++)
{
unionSet.push_back(BBuffer[i]);
}
}
}
测试代码
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//定义排序数组A和B
const int length = 6;
int ABuffer[length] = {0};
int BBuffer[length] = {0};
cout<<"please input orderly A Buffer:"<<endl;
for(int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
cin>>ABuffer[i];
}
cout<<"please input orderly B Buffer:"<<endl;
for(int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
cin>>BBuffer[i];
}
//定义交集集合和并集集合
vector<int> intersectionSet;
intersectionSet.clear();
vector<int> unionSet;
unionSet.clear();
GetIntersectionSet(ABuffer,length,BBuffer,length,intersectionSet);
GetUnionSet(ABuffer,length,BBuffer,length,unionSet);
//输出交集和并集
cout<<"the intersection set of orderly A and orderly B as follows:"<<endl;
vector<int>::iterator itA;
for(itA = intersectionSet.begin(); itA != intersectionSet.end();itA++)
{
cout<<*itA<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<"the union set of orderly A and orderly B as follows:"<<endl;
vector<int>::iterator itB;
for(itB = unionSet.begin(); itB != unionSet.end();itB++)
{
cout<<*itB<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}