写在前面：

ansible是一个非常棒的运维工具，可以远程批量执行命令、上传文件等自动化运维操作，由于要搞配置管理，初始化等批量操作，而自己对ansible相对熟悉,因此选择了ansible playbook。
不过在调用playbook api的过程中，发现原始api并不能满足我的需求，网络上多数文档还是1.0版本，因此下载了2.0源码查看，重写了部分类。因此这里总结学习，也给有相同需求的朋友参考

ansible-playbook使用

一、ansible-playbook简单介绍

playbook字面意思看就是剧本，其实也很形象，ansible-playbook就是事先定义好很多task(任务)放在.yml文件中，执行的时候就像剧本一样，依次往下演(执行)

#/tmp/xx.yml

---
- hosts: all    #hosts中指定

  tasks:
    - name: "ls /tmp"         #- name:任务名称,下面是任务过程
      shell: 'ls /tmp/'

ansible-playbook执行:

二、ansible-playbook api介绍

ansible-playbook api由ansible官方提供接口，用于在python代码中更灵活的使用，但官方只提供了ansible-api的参考文档,且2.0以后变化较大，api编写更复杂，但更为灵活

官方参考: http://docs.ansible.com/ansib…

一个基本的ansible-playbook api调用

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-20
from collections import namedtuple
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory import Inventory
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor

# 用来加载解析yaml文件或JSON内容,并且支持vault的解密
loader = DataLoader()
    
# 管理变量的类，包括主机，组，扩展等变量，之前版本是在 inventory中的
variable_manager = VariableManager()

# 根据inventory加载对应变量,此处host_list参数可以有两种格式：
# 1: hosts文件(需要),
# 2: 可以是IP列表,此处使用IP列表
inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager,host_list=['172.16.1.121'])
variable_manager.set_inventory(inventory)

# 设置密码,需要是dict类型
passwords=dict(conn_pass='your password')

# 初始化需要的对象
Options = namedtuple('Options',
                     ['connection',
                      'remote_user',
                      'ask_sudo_pass',
                      'verbosity',
                      'ack_pass', 
                      'module_path', 
                      'forks', 
                      'become', 
                      'become_method', 
                      'become_user', 
                      'check',
                      'listhosts', 
                      'listtasks', 
                      'listtags',
                      'syntax',
                      'sudo_user',
                      'sudo'])
# 初始化需要的对象
options = Options(connection='smart', 
                       remote_user='root',
                       ack_pass=None,
                       sudo_user='root',
                       forks=5,
                       sudo='yes',
                       ask_sudo_pass=False,
                       verbosity=5,
                       module_path=None,  
                       become=True, 
                       become_method='sudo', 
                       become_user='root', 
                       check=None,
                       listhosts=None,
                       listtasks=None, 
                       listtags=None, 
                       syntax=None)

# playbooks就填写yml文件即可,可以有多个,以列表形式
playbook = PlaybookExecutor(playbooks=['/tmp/xx.yml'],inventory=inventory,
              variable_manager=variable_manager,
              loader=loader,options=options,passwords=passwords)
# 开始执行
playbook.run()

执行上面脚本：

可以发现,这个api调用执行虽然成功了，但是并没有什么详细输出(这个跟一个名叫CallbackBase的类有关)

重写palybook api

1 为什么重写？
在实际应用中，有许多地方是不太满足需求的
1.比如inventory有host group(主机组)的概念，但是默认都放在all组里面去了，导致在编写yml的时候，无法对不同IP组进行不同的操作
2.console输出结果有时候需要自定义
3.调用api需要更为灵活

当然除了以上需求外，还有一些其它意义，比如阅读源码有助于熟悉ansible的工作方式，也提升自己的脚本能力

注意：所谓重写只是在源码的基础上继承并修改了部分代码，有可能导致ansible不稳定的情况，另外只有在有中文注释的地方才是重写内容

2 ansible源码文件简单介绍
源码下载地址：https://github.com/ansible/an…

其实ansible我们所用到的源码都在lib里面，而需要关注的也主要是三个文件夹和一些类:

1. 用于解析和聚合host,group等环境变量: lib/ansible/inventory/__init__.py 中 Inventory 类

2. 用于console输出: lib/ansible/plugins/callback/default.py 中 CallbackModule 类

3. 用于playbook的解析工作: lib/executor/playbook_executor.py 中 PlaybookExecutor 类

4. playbook底层用到的任务队列：lib/executor/task_queue_manager.py 中 TaskQueueManager 类

几个重写的类的树状图：

一、Inventory类重写

1.修改可以为IP传入group name
2.额外的自定义参数，如：{“test”:1000}

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-20 Inventory重写封装api基本功能
import fnmatch

from ansible.compat.six import string_types, iteritems

from ansible import constants as C
from ansible.errors import AnsibleError

from ansible.inventory.dir import InventoryDirectory, get_file_parser
from ansible.inventory.group import Group
from ansible.inventory.host import Host
from ansible.module_utils._text import to_bytes, to_text
from ansible.parsing.utils.addresses import parse_address
from ansible.plugins import vars_loader
from ansible.utils.vars import combine_vars
from ansible.utils.path import unfrackpath

try:
    from __main__ import display
except ImportError:
    from ansible.utils.display import Display
    display = Display()

HOSTS_PATTERNS_CACHE = {}
from ansible.inventory import Inventory
class YunweiInventory(Inventory):
    '''重写Inventory'''
    def __init__(self, loader, variable_manager, group_name, ext_vars=None,host_list=C.DEFAULT_HOST_LIST):

        # the host file file, or script path, or list of hosts
        # if a list, inventory data will NOT be loaded
        # self.host_list = unfrackpath(host_list, follow=False)
        # 传入的hosts
        self.host_list  = host_list
        # 传入的项目名也是组名
        self.group_name = group_name
        # 传入的外部变量,格式为字典
        self.ext_vars   = ext_vars
        # caching to avoid repeated calculations, particularly with
        # external inventory scripts.

        self._vars_per_host    = {}
        self._vars_per_group   = {}
        self._hosts_cache      = {}
        self._pattern_cache    = {}
        self._group_dict_cache = {}
        self._vars_plugins     = []

        self._basedir = self.basedir()

        # Contains set of filenames under group_vars directories
        self._group_vars_files = self._find_group_vars_files(self._basedir)
        self._host_vars_files = self._find_host_vars_files(self._basedir)

        # to be set by calling set_playbook_basedir by playbook code
        self._playbook_basedir = None

        # the inventory object holds a list of groups
        self.groups = {}

        # a list of host(names) to contain current inquiries to
        self._restriction = None
        self._subset = None

        # clear the cache here, which is only useful if more than
        # one Inventory objects are created when using the API directly
        self.clear_pattern_cache()
        self.clear_group_dict_cache()

        self.parse_inventory(host_list)

    def parse_inventory(self, host_list):
    
        if isinstance(host_list, string_types):
            if "," in host_list:
                host_list = host_list.split(",")
                host_list = [ h for h in host_list if h and h.strip() ]
    
        self.parser = None
    
        # Always create the 'all' and 'ungrouped' groups, even if host_list is
        # empty: in this case we will subsequently an the implicit 'localhost' to it.
    
        ungrouped = Group('ungrouped')
        all = Group('all')
        all.add_child_group(ungrouped)
    
        # 加一个本地IP
        local_group = Group('local')
    
        # 自定义组名
        zdy_group_name = Group(self.group_name)
        self.groups = {self.group_name:zdy_group_name,"all":all,"ungrouped":ungrouped,"local":local_group}
        #self.groups = dict(all=all, ungrouped=ungrouped)
    
        if host_list is None:
            pass
        elif isinstance(host_list, list):
            # 默认添加一个本地IP
            (lhost, lport) = parse_address('127.0.0.1', allow_ranges=False)
            new_host = Host(lhost, lport)
            local_group.add_host(new_host)
    
            for h in host_list:
                try:
                    (host, port) = parse_address(h, allow_ranges=False)
                except AnsibleError as e:
                    display.vvv("Unable to parse address from hostname, leaving unchanged: %s" % to_text(e))
                    host = h
                    port = None
    
                new_host = Host(host, port)
                if h in C.LOCALHOST:
                    # set default localhost from inventory to avoid creating an implicit one. Last localhost defined 'wins'.
                    if self.localhost is not None:
                        display.warning("A duplicate localhost-like entry was found (%s). First found localhost was %s" % (h, self.localhost.name))
                    display.vvvv("Set default localhost to %s" % h)
                    self.localhost = new_host
                # 为组添加host
                zdy_group_name.add_host(new_host)
                # 为主机组添加额外参数
                # 添加外部变量
                if self.ext_vars and isinstance(self.ext_vars,dict):
                    for k,v in self.ext_vars.items():
                        zdy_group_name.set_variable(k,v)
                        local_group.set_variable(k,v)
    
        elif self._loader.path_exists(host_list):
            # TODO: switch this to a plugin loader and a 'condition' per plugin on which it should be tried, restoring 'inventory pllugins'
            if self.is_directory(host_list):
                # Ensure basedir is inside the directory
                host_list = os.path.join(self.host_list, "")
                self.parser = InventoryDirectory(loader=self._loader, groups=self.groups, filename=host_list)
            else:
                self.parser = get_file_parser(host_list, self.groups, self._loader)
                vars_loader.add_directory(self._basedir, with_subdir=True)
    
            if not self.parser:
                # should never happen, but JIC
                raise AnsibleError("Unable to parse %s as an inventory source" % host_list)
        else:
            display.warning("Host file not found: %s" % to_text(host_list))
    
        self._vars_plugins = [ x for x in vars_loader.all(self) ]
    
        # set group vars from group_vars/ files and vars plugins
        for g in self.groups:
            group = self.groups[g]
            group.vars = combine_vars(group.vars, self.get_group_variables(group.name))
            self.get_group_vars(group)
    
        # get host vars from host_vars/ files and vars plugins
        for host in self.get_hosts(ignore_limits=True, ignore_restrictions=True):
            host.vars = combine_vars(host.vars, self.get_host_variables(host.name))
            self.get_host_vars(host)

二、collback重写，用于自定义输出

1.以callback.default.CallbackModule为基类继承
2.自定义了输出格式,正确输出情况，不需要的输出就忽略了，只留下几个有用的stdout
3.最后的输出结果：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-19 CallBack重写封装api基本功能,用于console输出

import json
from ansible import constants as C
from ansible.plugins.callback.default import CallbackModule

try:
    from __main__ import display
except ImportError:
    from ansible.utils.display import Display
    display = Display()

class YunweiCallback(CallbackModule):
    """重写console输出日志"""

    # 重写2.0版本正确stdout
    def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result):

        if self._play.strategy == 'free' and self._last_task_banner != result._task._uuid:
            self._print_task_banner(result._task)

        self._clean_results(result._result, result._task.action)
        #delegated_vars = result._result.get('_ansible_delegated_vars', None)
        delegated_vars = self._dump_results(result._result)
        #delegated_vars = result._result
        #n_delegated_vars = self._dump_results(result)
        #print n_delegated_vars
        self._clean_results(result._result, result._task.action)
        if result._task.action in ('include', 'include_role'):
            return
        elif result._result.get('changed', False):
            if delegated_vars:
                # 自定义输出
                zdy_msg = self.zdy_stdout(json.loads(delegated_vars))
                if zdy_msg:
                    msg = "changed: [%s]%s" % (result._host.get_name(), zdy_msg)
                else:
                    msg = "changed: [%s -> %s]" % (result._host.get_name(), delegated_vars)
            else:
                msg = "changed: [%s]" % result._host.get_name()
            color = C.COLOR_CHANGED
        # 判断是否是第一步 setup
        elif result._result.get('ansible_facts',False):
            msg = "ok: [ %s | %s ]" % (str(result._host),str(result._host.get_groups()))
            color = C.COLOR_OK
        else:
            if delegated_vars:
                # 自定义输出
                zdy_msg = self.zdy_stdout(json.loads(delegated_vars))
                if zdy_msg:
                    msg = "ok: [%s]%s" % (result._host.get_name(), zdy_msg)
                else:
                    msg = "ok: [%s -> %s]" % (result._host.get_name(), delegated_vars)
            else:
                msg = "ok: [%s]" % result._host.get_name()
            color = C.COLOR_OK

        if result._task.loop and 'results' in result._result:
            self._process_items(result)
        else:
            self._display.display(msg, color=color)

        self._handle_warnings(result._result)

    # 自定义输出,格式清晰一些
    def zdy_stdout(self,result):
        msg = ''
        if result.get('delta',False):
            msg += u'\t执行时间:%s'%result['delta']
        if result.get('cmd', False):
            msg += u'\n执行命令:%s'%result['cmd']
        if result.get('stderr',False):
            msg += u'\n错误输出:\n%s'%result['stderr']
        if result.get('stdout',False):
            msg += u'\n正确输出:\n%s'%result['stdout']
        if result.get('warnings',False):
            msg += u'\n警告:%s'%result['warnings']
        return msg

三、封装PlaybookExecutor

1.封装为更容易调用的playbook api调用
2.定制化一部分参数

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 描述:
# V1 WZJ 2016-12-19 PlayBook重写封装api基本功能

import json
from ansible import constants as C
from collections import namedtuple
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars import VariableManager
from ansible.playbook.play import Play
from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
from ansible.executor.playbook_executor import PlaybookExecutor
from callback import YunweiCallback
from ansible.utils.ssh_functions import check_for_controlpersist

# 调用自定义Inventory
from inventory import YunweiInventory as Inventory 
try:
    from __main__ import display
except ImportError:
    from ansible.utils.display import Display
    display = Display()


class YunweiPlaybookExecutor(PlaybookExecutor):
    
    '''重写PlayBookExecutor'''
    def __init__(self, playbooks, inventory, variable_manager, loader, options, passwords, stdout_callback=None):
        self._playbooks        = playbooks
        self._inventory        = inventory
        self._variable_manager = variable_manager
        self._loader           = loader
        self._options          = options
        self.passwords         = passwords
        self._unreachable_hosts = dict()

        if options.listhosts or options.listtasks or options.listtags or options.syntax:
            self._tqm = None
        else:
            self._tqm = TaskQueueManager(inventory=inventory, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader, options=options, passwords=self.passwords, stdout_callback=stdout_callback)

        # Note: We run this here to cache whether the default ansible ssh
        # executable supports control persist.  Sometime in the future we may
        # need to enhance this to check that ansible_ssh_executable specified
        # in inventory is also cached.  We can't do this caching at the point
        # where it is used (in task_executor) because that is post-fork and
        # therefore would be discarded after every task.
        check_for_controlpersist(C.ANSIBLE_SSH_EXECUTABLE)


class PlayBookJob(object):
  '''封装一个playbook接口,提供给外部使用'''
  def __init__(self,playbooks,host_list,ssh_user='bbs',passwords='null',project_name='all',ack_pass=False,forks=5,ext_vars=None):
    self.playbooks = playbooks
    self.host_list = host_list
    self.ssh_user  = ssh_user
    self.passwords = dict(vault_pass=passwords)
    self.project_name = project_name
    self.ack_pass  = ack_pass
    self.forks     = forks
    self.connection='smart'
    self.ext_vars  = ext_vars

    ## 用来加载解析yaml文件或JSON内容,并且支持vault的解密
    self.loader    = DataLoader()

    # 管理变量的类，包括主机，组，扩展等变量，之前版本是在 inventory中的
    self.variable_manager = VariableManager()

    # 根据inventory加载对应变量
    self.inventory = Inventory(loader=self.loader, 
                               variable_manager=self.variable_manager,
                               group_name=self.project_name,  # 项目名对应组名,区分当前执行的内容
                               ext_vars=self.ext_vars,
                               host_list=self.host_list)

    self.variable_manager.set_inventory(self.inventory)

    # 初始化需要的对象1
    self.Options = namedtuple('Options',
                             ['connection',
                             'remote_user',
                             'ask_sudo_pass',
                             'verbosity',
                             'ack_pass', 
                             'module_path', 
                             'forks', 
                             'become', 
                             'become_method', 
                             'become_user', 
                             'check',
                             'listhosts', 
                             'listtasks', 
                             'listtags', 
                             'syntax',
                             'sudo_user',
                             'sudo'
                             ])

    # 初始化需要的对象2
    self.options = self.Options(connection=self.connection, 
                                remote_user=self.ssh_user,
                                ack_pass=self.ack_pass,
                                sudo_user=self.ssh_user,
                                forks=self.forks,
                                sudo='yes',
                                ask_sudo_pass=False,
                                verbosity=5,
                                module_path=None,  
                                become=True, 
                                become_method='sudo', 
                                become_user='root', 
                                check=None,
                                listhosts=None,
                                listtasks=None, 
                                listtags=None, 
                                syntax=None
                               )

    # 初始化console输出
    self.callback = YunweiCallback()

    # 直接开始
    self.run()

  def run(self):
    pb = None
    pb = YunweiPlaybookExecutor(
        playbooks            = self.playbooks,
        inventory            = self.inventory,
        variable_manager     = self.variable_manager,
        loader               = self.loader,
        options              = self.options,
        passwords            = self.passwords,
        stdout_callback      = self.callback
    )
    result = pb.run()

# daemo
if __name__ == "__main__":
    PlayBookJob(playbooks=['xx.yml'],
                host_list=['10.45.176.2'],
                ssh_user='root',
                project_name="test",
                forks=20,
                ext_vars=None
                )

参考：

ansible-api官方文档：http://docs.ansible.com/ansib…
一个非常好的ansible2.0 api调用文档，相见恨晚：https://serversforhackers.com…
ansible源码：https://github.com/ansible/an…