Django入门（1）

2023年2月19日 168次阅读 来源: wanghui

Django入门

项目创建和APP创建

  • 准备环境
python3 
virtualenv
pip3
pip3 install django==1.1
  • 项目创建,APP创建
django-admin startproject ops
cd ops
python3 manage.py startapp darshboard
cd darshboard #进入项目路径
touch urls.py #创建路由文件
  • 项目结构如下：
ops/
|-- darshboard
| |-- admin.py
| |-- apps.py
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- migrations
| |-- models.py
| |-- tests.py
| |-- urls.py
| `-- views.py
|-- db.sqlite3
|-- manage.py
`-- ops
    |-- __init__.py
    |-- settings.py
    |-- urls.py
    `-- wsgi.py
  • 项目注册
# vim ops/ops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'darshboard.apps.DarshboardConfig' #在此处注册darshboard项目
]
  • 路由注册
# vim ops/ops/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^darshboard/',include("darshboard.urls")), #注册app的urls
]

此时，一个完整的流程就好了

hello world

修改darshboard的路由

# vim ops/darshboard/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^hello/', index,name='index'),
]

写一个视图函数

函数视图的定义：

a. 就是一个普通函数

b. 接收一个HttpRequest实例作为第一个参数

c. 然后返回一个HttpResponse的实例

# vim ops/darshboard/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('hello world')

项目启动&测试

  • 启动项目
python manage.py runserver 0:8080
  • 访问：

打开本地浏览器输入：

http://211.159.156.251:8080/darshboard/hello/

即可访问！

HttpRequest对象

  • 由Django创建

属性如下：

HttpRequest.scheme
HttpRequest.body
HttpRequest.path
HttpRequest.method
HttpRequest.encoding
HttpRequest.GET
HttpRequest.POST
HttpRequest.META

方法如下：

HttpRequest.get_host()
HttpRequest.get_port()
HttpRequest.get_full_path()
HttpRequest.is_secure()
HttpRequest.is_ajax()
  • 传递一个字符串作为页面的内容到HttpResponse构造函数
from django.http import HttpResponse
response = HttpResponse("here is the web page")
response = HttpResponse("Text only .please,content_type="text/plain")
  • 参考的views如下
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
import json
def index(request):
    data = {
        'name':'wanghui',
        'age':20
    }
    data_1 = ["devops","python"]
    #return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data),content_type="application/json")   #返回的content-typet
    #return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_1),content_type="application/json")
    return JsonResponse(data_1,safe=False)
    # return HttpResponse("Hello World!!",status=599)

模板

为了让数据更加美观。

POST和GET请求

  • GET请求与传参
- method
- GET
  • POST提交数据

QueryDict对象

方法练习

#  python manage.py shell
>>> from django.http import QueryDict
>>> data = QueryDict('a=12&a=123&b=233')
>>> data.urlencode()
'a=12&a=123&b=233'

数据库同步

  • 官方给出的数据库连接设置
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases
  • 数据库同步相关命令
python manage.py showmigrations
python manage.py sqlmigrate sessions 0001
python manage.py dbshell   # 进入shell模式

创建用户

  • django-shell创建用户
# 方式一：
(venv3) [wanghui@www ops]$ python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.1 (default, Jun 22 2018, 18:25:52) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User.objects.create_user('rock','12272@qq.com','123456')   #创建普通用户
>>> u = User.objects.get(username='rock')     #查找用户
>>> u.set_password('654321')       #修改密码
>>> u.save()                                   #保存
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 方式二：
(venv3) [wanghui@www ops]$ python manage.py createsupperuser

用户登录小练习

重点在于对函数视图的练习

  • darshboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse,QueryDict
from django.template import loader,Context,Template
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate

def user_login(request):
    # print(request.GET)
    # 获取提交过来的用户名&密码
    if request.method == "GET":     #get请求的话，就直接返回页面
        return render(request, 'user_login.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":  #post就要获取用户名和密码
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
    # 根据用户名取出这个记录是否存在
        user_obj = authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user_obj:
            login(request,user_obj)
            print("登陆成功!")
        else:
            print("登陆失败！")
    elif request.method == 'DELETE':      # 通过delete方法获取请求体
        data = QueryDict(request.body)    # 获取delete的请求体
        print(data)
    return HttpResponse("")
  • darshboard/urls.py #指定路由
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from .views import index,index_template,index_methods,user_login
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^user_login',user_login)
]
  • darshboard/user_login.html
<ul>
    <form method="DELETE" action="#">   
        <li>用户名：<input type="text" name="username"></li>
        <li>密码：<input type="text" name="password"></li>
        <li><input type="submit"></li>
    </form>
</ul>

关于delete方法的请求方式

在linux本地机器上执行：
curl -XDELETE http://127.0.0.1:8080/darshboard/user_login/ -d username=rock -d password=654321
    原文作者：wanghui
    原文地址: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015373819
    本文转自网络文章，转载此文章仅为分享知识，如有侵权，请联系博主进行删除。
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