python – 如何让matplotlib和latex一起工作？

2019年8月6日 287次阅读

我有以下问题,我对matplotlib和
python完全是新的：要为我的论文制作高质量图我想使用matplotlib,我想使用乳胶命令用于轴等.当我尝试以下示例时(从
http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html#usetex-tutorial开始) )：

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# Example data 
t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0 + 0.01, 0.01) 
s = np.cos(4 * np.pi * t) + 2

plt.rc('text', usetex=True) 
plt.rc('font', family='serif') 
plt.plot(t, s)

plt.xlabel(r'\textbf{time} (s)')
plt.ylabel(r'\textit{voltage} (mV)',fontsize=16) 
plt.title(r"\TeX\ is Number "
          r"$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{-e^{i\pi}}{2^n}$!",
          fontsize=16, color='gray')
# Make room for the ridiculously large title. 
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)

plt.savefig('tex_demo') 
plt.show()

我收到以下消息：

  File "test.py", line 21, in <module>
    plt.savefig('tex_demo')
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 561, in savefig
    return fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1421, in savefig
    self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2220, in print_figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 505, in print_png
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 451, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1034, in draw
    func(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/axes.py", line 2086, in draw
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1105, in draw
    self.label.draw(renderer)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/artist.py", line 55, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/text.py", line 594, in draw
    self._fontproperties, angle, mtext=self)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 241, in draw_tex
    self._renderer.draw_text_image(Z, x, y, angle, gc)
OverflowError: cannot convert float infinity to integer

我是Linux新手(Ubuntu 14.04),安装matplotlib时可能做错了.这是我安装matplotlib等所做的：

sudo apt-get install python3
sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
sudo apt-get build-dep python-matplotlib

我正在使用texmaker,并认为这可能是问题;所以我做了以下事情：

sudo aptitude install texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-extra

如果我尝试任何其他包括乳胶命令的图表,我会得到类似的错误信息,或者没有任何标签的图表.

最佳答案 您的问题之前已被视为
reported here on the matplotlib-user mailing list.第
is here号决议及其确认工作
is here.

总之,您需要清除tex.cache目录.

要找到该目录的位置 – 进入python并执行matplotlib.get_cachedir()

对于标准的Ubuntu 14.04安装 – 您应该得到如下内容：

~$python3
Python 3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:11) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib as mpl
>>> mpl.get_cachedir()
'/home/<username>/.cache/matplotlib'

然后执行rm< path / to / cache / from / above> /tex.cache/*然后重新运行它应该全部工作.

文件问题

这方面的一些提示可以在usetex troubleshooting docs section中找到,这导致here找到目录,但遗憾的是它们没有提到get_cachedir()

编辑基于此问题生成的Pull Request并合并到matplotlib文档中.

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