ANDROID搞了大概5个月了,总感觉到它的这个java封装非常的不爽。这次下载了Froyo的源码,准备好好分析下Android的运行流程。一直有个暗想–能否替换掉JAVA层?搞android最麻烦的就是老记不住它那几个文件的位置,这里将给出详细的路径,方便其他看客了解。
没有固定的顺序,不过大概就是从启动开始的一些东西吧。我的想法是对android了解越多,才越可能在此基础上做最好最完善的改动。真的很不喜欢它的java层。
一 用户空间init
我这里不分析linux启动的那第一个程序init。
init代码在/system/core/init/init.c。感兴趣的可从main函数开始分析
android的其他重要进程都是init加载init.rc配置文件来fork的。其中,最重要的init.rc位于source/system/core/rootdir下。
init.rc有它特有的语法,可google一下就知道了。
二 zygote的诞生
zygote程序是有app_process弄出来的,app_process的启动在init.rc中有对应行。
service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin –zygote –start-system-server
//第一个zygote是这个服务的名字,实际启动的程序位于system/bin下的app_process,后面是这个程序的启动参数 socket zygote stream 666
//这个表示init将创建一个unix域的socket,666是rwx的读写执行权限。
onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
onrestart write /sys/power/state on
onrestart restart media
其中,app_process位于/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp中。
下面分析它的mian函数。
int main(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
//argc = 5
//argv=["/system/bin/app_process" "-Xzygote" "/system/bin" "--zygote" "--start-system-server"]
// These are global variables in ProcessState.cpp
mArgC = argc; //全局变量
mArgV = argv; //全局变量
mArgLen = 0;
for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) {
mArgLen += strlen(argv[i]) + 1;
}
mArgLen--;
AppRuntime runtime;//定义AppRuntime
const char *arg;
const char *argv0;
argv0 = argv[0]; //argv0="/system/bin/app_process"
// Process command line arguments
// ignore argv[0]
argc--;
argv++;
// Everything up to '--' or first non '-' arg goes to the vm
int i = runtime.addVmArguments(argc, argv);//将参数加到虚拟机,待会分析,应该是把-Xzygote加入虚拟机了
// Next arg is parent directory
if (i < argc) {
runtime.mParentDir = argv[i++]; //设置父目录为/system/bin
}
//
// Next arg is startup classname or "--zygote"
if (i < argc) {
arg = argv[i++];
if (0 == strcmp("--zygote", arg)) {
bool startSystemServer = (i < argc) ?
strcmp(argv[i], "--start-system-server") == 0 : false;//正常情况是true
setArgv0(argv0, "zygote");
set_process_name("zygote");
runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit",
startSystemServer);//启动java的zygoteInit
} else {
set_process_name(argv0);
runtime.mClassName = arg;
// Remainder of args get passed to startup class main()
runtime.mArgC = argc-i;
runtime.mArgV = argv+i;
LOGV("App process is starting with pid=%d, class=%s./n",
getpid(), runtime.getClassName());
runtime.start();
}
} else {
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied./n");
app_usage();
return 10;
}
}
从上面代码注释可以看出,很多工作都交给了Runtime对象来处理,这个runtime对象也是在这个cpp文件中定义的。我们来看一下。
class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime //基类是AndroidRuntime,待会分析下是干嘛的
{
public:
AppRuntime()
: mParentDir(NULL)
, mClassName(NULL)
, mArgC(0)
, mArgV(NULL)
{
}
#if 0
// this appears to be unused
const char* getParentDir() const
{
return mParentDir;
}
#endif
const char* getClassName() const
{
return mClassName;
}
virtual void onStarted() //下面几个onXXX应该是回调用的,可能是JNI回调
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
if (proc->supportsProcesses()) {
LOGV("App process: starting thread pool./n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
app_init(mClassName, mArgC, mArgV);
if (ProcessState::self()->supportsProcesses()) {
IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
}
}
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
if (proc->supportsProcesses()) {
LOGV("App process: starting thread pool./n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
}
virtual void onExit(int code)
{
if (mClassName == NULL) {
// if zygote
if (ProcessState::self()->supportsProcesses()) {
IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
}
}
AndroidRuntime::onExit(code);
}
const char* mParentDir;
const char* mClassName;
int mArgC;
const char* const* mArgV;
};
}
其中,基类AndroidRuntime.h在frameworks/base/include/android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h中定义。大概看看里边都定义了些什么。
namespace android {
//这个类是与java虚拟机交互的一个类。
//估计java虚拟机由它启动了
class AndroidRuntime
{
public:
AndroidRuntime();
virtual ~AndroidRuntime();
/**
* Register a set of methods in the specified class.
*/
static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods);
/**
* Call a static Java function that takes no arguments and returns void.
*/
status_t callStatic(const char* className, const char* methodName);
/**
* Call a class's static main method with the given arguments,
*/
status_t callMain(const char* className, int argc, const char* const argv[]);
/**
* Find a class, with the input either of the form
* "package/class" or "package.class".
*/
static jclass findClass(JNIEnv* env, const char* className);
int addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[]);
void start(const char *classname, const bool startSystemServer);
void start(); // start in android.util.RuntimeInit
static AndroidRuntime* getRuntime();
/**
* This gets called after the JavaVM has initialized. Override it
* with the system's native entry point.
*/
virtual void onStarted() = 0;
/**
* This gets called after the JavaVM has initialized after a Zygote
* fork. Override it to initialize threads, etc. Upon return, the
* correct static main will be invoked.
*/
virtual void onZygoteInit() {};
/**
* Called when the Java application exits. The default
* implementation calls exit(code).
*/
virtual void onExit(int code);
/** create a new thread that is visible from Java */
static void createJavaThread(const char* name, void (*start)(void *),
void* arg);
/** return a pointer to the VM running in this process */
static JavaVM* getJavaVM() { return mJavaVM; }
/** return a pointer to the JNIEnv pointer for this thread */
static JNIEnv* getJNIEnv();
private:
static int startReg(JNIEnv* env);
int startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv);
Vector<JavaVMOption> mOptions;
/* JNI JavaVM pointer */
static JavaVM* mJavaVM;
/*
* Thread creation helpers.
*/
static int javaCreateThreadEtc(
android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
void* userData,
const char* threadName,
int32_t threadPriority,
size_t threadStackSize,
android_thread_id_t* threadId);
static int javaThreadShell(void* args);
};
// Returns the Unix file descriptor for a ParcelFileDescriptor object
extern int getParcelFileDescriptorFD(JNIEnv* env, jobject object);
}
AndroidRuntime类主要是和java打交道,而且好像只能由framework调用才能起作用,一般我自己的jni库都不用AndroidRuntime里边定义的方便函数,虽然都是static。原因如下(必须看看它的实现文件才知道原因)
//看来系统有一个全局的mJavaVM
JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
//整个系统范围内,第一次调用构造函数的应该就是在app_process中的吧?!
AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime()
{
SkGraphics::Init();
// this sets our preference for 16bit images during decode
// in case the src is opaque and 24bit
SkImageDecoder::SetDeviceConfig(SkBitmap::kRGB_565_Config);
// This cache is shared between browser native images, and java "purgeable"
// bitmaps. This globalpool is for images that do not either use the java
// heap, or are not backed by ashmem. See BitmapFactory.cpp for the key
// java call site.
SkImageRef_GlobalPool::SetRAMBudget(512 * 1024);
// There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code
// see SkFontHost_android.cpp
// Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
mOptions.setCapacity(20);
assert(gCurRuntime == NULL); // one per process
gCurRuntime = this;
}
//刚才那几个onXXX函数就是在这里调用的,估计是java层调用的
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_finishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onStarted();
}
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_isComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
return 1;
}
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_turnComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
}
static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_getQwertyKeyboard(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
char* value = getenv("qwerty");
if (value != NULL && strcmp(value, "true") == 0) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//略去一些
int AndroidRuntime::addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i<argc; i++) {
if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
return i;
}
if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
return i+1;
}
//此时虚拟机还没有起来,先把这些options保存起来
JavaVMOption opt;
memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
opt.optionString = (char*)argv[i];
mOptions.add(opt);
}
return i;
}
该cpp位置在/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp中。
回到app_process的main中,此处已运到到runtime.start(“com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit”, startSystemServer)这句话来了,应进去看看start到底干了什么。
说来说去,不如看代码分析。