audio – 如何从FFT中检测字符串音调

我从傅里叶变换得到了谱.它看起来像这样:

警察刚刚经过附近

颜色代表强度.
X轴是时间.
Y轴是频率 – 其中0位于顶部.

虽然吹口哨或警笛只留下一条痕迹,但许多其他音调似乎包含许多谐波频率.

电吉他直接插入麦克风(标准调音)

真正糟糕的是,正如你所看到的那样,没有强烈的强度 – 有2-3个频率几乎相等.
我写了一个峰值检测算法来突出显示最重要的峰值:

    function findPeaks(data, look_range, minimal_val) {
      if(look_range==null)
        look_range = 10;
      if(minimal_val == null)
        minimal_val = 20;
      //Array of peaks            
      var peaks = [];
      //Currently the max value (that might or might not end up in peaks array)
      var max_value = 0;
      var max_value_pos = 0;
      //How many values did we check without changing the max value
      var smaller_values = 0;
      //Tmp variable for performance
      var val;
      var lastval=Math.round(data.averageValues(0,4));
      //console.log(lastval);
      for(var i=0, l=data.length; i<l; i++) {
        //Remember the value for performance and readibility
        val = data[i];

        //If last max value is larger then the current one, proceed and remember
        if(max_value>val) {
          //iterate the ammount of values that are smaller than our champion
          smaller_values++;
          //If there has been enough smaller values we take this one for confirmed peak
          if(smaller_values > look_range) {
            //Remember peak
            peaks.push(max_value_pos);
            //Reset other variables
            max_value = 0;
            max_value_pos = 0;
            smaller_values = 0;
          }
        }
        //Only take values when the difference is positive (next value is larger)
        //Also aonly take values that are larger than minimum thresold
        else if(val>lastval && val>minimal_val) {
          //Remeber this as our new champion
          max_value = val;
          max_value_pos = i;
          smaller_values = 0;
          //console.log("Max value: ", max_value);
        }           
        //Remember this value for next iteration
        lastval = val;
      }
      //Sort peaks so that the largest one is first
      peaks.sort(function(a, b) {return -data[a]+data[b];});
      //if(peaks.length>0)
      //  console.log(peaks);
      //Return array
      return peaks;
    }

我的想法是,我遍历数据并记住一个大于thresold minimal_val的值.如果下一个look_range值小于所选值,则认为它是峰值.这个算法不是很聪明,但它很容易实现.

但是,它无法分辨字符串的主要频率,就像我预期的那样:

红点突出显示最强的峰值

Here’s a jsFiddle看看它是如何工作的(或者说不起作用).

最佳答案 你在弦乐音谱中看到的是一组谐波

f0, 2*f0, 3*f0, …

f0是你的弦乐音调的基本频率或音高.

要估算频谱中的f0(FFT的输出,绝对值,可能是对数),你不应该寻找最强的分量,而是寻找所有这些谐波之间的距离.

一种非常好的方法是(abs,real)频谱的第二(逆)FFT.这会在t0 == 1 / f0处产生一条强线.

序列fft – > abs() – >由于Wiener–Khinchin theorem,fft-1相当于计算auto-correlation function(ACF).

这种方法的精确度取决于FFT(或ACF)的长度和采样率.如果使用sinc function在结果的采样点之间插入“实际”最大值,则可以大大提高精度.

为了获得更好的效果,您可以校正中间频谱:大多数声音具有平均粉红色光谱.如果在反向FFT之前放大较高频率(根据反向粉红色光谱),则ACF将“更好”(它会更多地考虑更高次谐波,从而提高精确度).

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