JUC CyclicBarrier 分析

基本介绍

CyclicBarrier可实现多个线程同时等待,达到一个共同临界点,才一起往下执行,并且,可以在达到共同临界点的时候,触发一个action。这个同步组件实现的功能看似与CountDownLatch一样,但是与CountDownLatch只能被使用一次不一样,CyclicBarrier可被重复多次使用。

CountDownLatchSemaphoreLock等同步组件,都是通过直接扩展AQS来完成实现,但是CyclicBarrier不同,它间接地依赖了ReentrantLock以及等待通知机制实现Condition来实现它的功能。

在后面源码分析里面会涉及到它的实现原理

示例:

package com.crazypig.juc;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        final int count = 3;

        Runnable barrierAction = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("run barrier action!");
            }
        };

        final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(count, barrierAction);

        Runnable r = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " wait for barrier...");
                    barrier.await();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " end!");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        Thread[] thds = new Thread[count];
        for (int i = 0; i < thds.length; i++) {
            thds[i] = new Thread(r, "thd" + i);
            thds[i].start();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < thds.length; i++) {
            thds[i].join();
        }

    }

}

源码分析

前面提到,CyclicBarrier内部利用了ReentrantLockCondition来实现其功能。

其功能实现的关键点分析总结如下:

  • 内部定义一个计数parties,使用lock控制parties的并发操作,当每一次(通常一个线程调用一次)调用await方法,都使得parties – 1,若parties不为0,则线程阻塞等待,阻塞等待通过Condition的await来实现
  • 最后一个线程调用await会使得parties变为0,此时,最后一个线程会负责调用barrierAction(前面提到的,当多个线程达到一个共同临界点【parties= 0的时候】,会触发一个action),然后再调用Condition的signalAll来唤醒前面阻塞等待的其他线程
  • 通过内部定义的Generation和重置parties来达到重复使用的功能(重置parties的动作在最后一个await线程唤醒其他线程之后进行)

下面直接透过源码来看其实现原理,代码不多,直接通过在源码上+注释的方式来分析:

public class CyclicBarrier {

    private static class Generation {
        boolean broken = false;
    }

    /** 维护parties的并发-1操作,同时实现阻塞等待(Condition) */
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    /** await时的条件等待,最后一个await线程负责唤醒其他阻塞等待的线程(signalAll) */
    private final Condition trip = lock.newCondition();
    /** 定义所有await线程个数 */
    private final int parties;
    /* 定义共同达到临界点signalAll之前,首先执行的动作 */
    private final Runnable barrierCommand;
    /** 每一次循环使用CyclicBarrier都会new一个新的Generation实例,该实例还用于控制异常处理 */
    private Generation generation = new Generation();

    private int count;

    // 由最后一个await线程调用,唤醒所有await的线程,并重置状态,生成新的Generation实例
    private void nextGeneration() {
        // signal completion of last generation
        trip.signalAll();
        // set up next generation
        count = parties;
        generation = new Generation();
    }

    // 异常处理,唤醒所有await线程,而后响应BrokenBarrierException
    private void breakBarrier() {
        generation.broken = true;
        count = parties;
        trip.signalAll();
    }

    // 由await调用的主逻辑
    private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Generation g = generation;

            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

           int index = --count;
           if (index == 0) {  // 最后一个线程调用await执行的逻辑分支
               boolean ranAction = false;
               try {
                    // 在当前线程(最后一个线程)执行barrierCommand(if exists)
                   final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                   if (command != null)
                       command.run();
                   ranAction = true;
                   nextGeneration();
                   return 0;
               } finally {
                   if (!ranAction)
                       breakBarrier();
               }
           }

            // loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        trip.await();
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        // We're about to finish waiting even if we had not
                        // been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to
                        // "belong" to subsequent execution.
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }

                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();

                if (g != generation)
                    return index;

                // 超时,同样唤醒所有其他等待的线程,使其后续感知BrokenBarrierException
                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException(); // 同时该线程抛TimeoutException给上层感知
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
        if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.parties = parties;
        this.count = parties;
        this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
    }

    public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
        this(parties, null);
    }

    public int getParties() {
        return parties;
    }

    public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
        try {
            return dowait(false, 0L);
        } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
            throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen;
        }
    }

    public int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException,
               BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        return dowait(true, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    public boolean isBroken() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return generation.broken;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void reset() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            breakBarrier();   // break the current generation
            nextGeneration(); // start a new generation
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // 获取当前阻塞等待在await上的线程
    public int getNumberWaiting() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return parties - count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

关于BrokenBarrierException

以下几种情况会使得等待线程抛BrokenBarrierException:

  • 其他await线程被interrupt
  • 其他线程调用了await(timeout, timeunit)并发生了超时
  • 其他线程调用了reset方法
    原文作者:JUC
    原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/d6619309/article/details/80647373
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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