sql – 临时表到主表插入或更新审计和日志记录

2019年8月4日 190次阅读

我必须从temptable中选择记录并插入或更新为mastertable.如果更改了单个字段,那么我需要使用以下内容更新历史记录表：

> RecordID
> ColumnChanged
> OldValue
> NewValue

在执行从temptable到mastertable的插入或更新时,应将由于外键冲突(或任何其他错误)而发生的任何错误记录到错误表中.

我需要更改和记录错误的历史记录,这样如果单个记录失败,我可以再次重新运行该过程.

我怎么能用T-SQL做到这一点？任何代码段都会有所帮助.

以下是我正在使用的表格列：

> TEMPTABLE
COL1,COL2,COL3,COL4,COL5
> MASTERTABLE
COL1,COL2,COL3
>历史
RecordID,ColumnChanged,OldValue,NewValue
>错误
ErrorCode,ErrorMsg

我需要使用游标,因为我需要在执行插入或更新时循环遍历每个记录,并记录由于错误数据而在插入或更新期间发生的任何错误.

我需要将flagcolumn标记为所有成功插入或更新的“Y”,并将所有失败记录标记为“N”,以便我可以在更正数据后重新加载它们.

我已经使用sqlbulkcopy将数据加载到temptable中.

最佳答案 试试这个 –

架构：

CREATE TABLE dbo.HistoryTable
(
    HistoryTableID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
    PKRecordID INT NOT NULL,
    ColumnChanged VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    OldValue VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    NewValue VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    ChangedDate DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (GETDATE())
)
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.ForeignKeyTableCOL2 (COL2 VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL)
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.ForeignKeyTableCOL1 (COL1 VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL)
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.ErrorTable
(
    ErrorTableID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
    PKRecordID INT NOT NULL,
    TableName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    TablePK INT NOT NULL,
    ErrorDateTime DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT (GETDATE()),
    ErrorCode INT NOT NULL,
    ErrorMsg VARCHAR(2000) NOT NULL
)
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.TempTable
(
    TempTableID INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    PKRecordID INT NOT NULL,
    COL1 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL2 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL3 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL4 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL5 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    Success CHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT ('N')
)
GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.MasterTable
(
    PKRecordID INT NOT NULL,
    COL1 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL2 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL3 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL4 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    COL5 VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL
)
GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.MasterTable  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT FK_MasterTable_ForeignKeyTableCOL1 FOREIGN KEY(COL1)
REFERENCES dbo.ForeignKeyTableCOL1 (COL1)

ALTER TABLE dbo.MasterTable CHECK CONSTRAINT FK_MasterTable_ForeignKeyTableCOL1

ALTER TABLE dbo.MasterTable  WITH CHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT FK_MasterTable_ForeignKeyTableCOL2 FOREIGN KEY(COL2)
REFERENCES dbo.ForeignKeyTableCOL2 (COL2)

ALTER TABLE dbo.MasterTable CHECK CONSTRAINT FK_MasterTable_ForeignKeyTableCOL2

INSERT dbo.ForeignKeyTableCOL1 (COL1) 
VALUES ('A'), ('B'), ('C')
INSERT dbo.ForeignKeyTableCOL2 (COL2)
VALUES ('A'), ('B'), ('C')

INSERT dbo.TempTable (PKRecordID, COL1, COL2, COL3, COL4, COL5)
VALUES 
    (1, 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A'),
    (2, 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B'),
    (3, 'C', 'C', 'C', 'C', 'C'),
    (1, 'D', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A'),
    (1, 'A', 'D', 'A', 'A', 'A'),
    (1, 'D', 'D', 'A', 'A', 'A'),
    (2, 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B'),
    (3, 'A', 'B', 'C', 'C', 'C'),
    (4, 'D', 'D', 'D', 'D', 'D')

查询：

SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE 
      @PKRecordID INT
    , @COL1 VARCHAR(10)
    , @COL2 VARCHAR(10)
    , @COL3 VARCHAR(10)
    , @COL4 VARCHAR(10)
    , @COL5 VARCHAR(10)
    , @TempTableID INT
    , @New_Row XML
    , @Old_Row XML

DECLARE cur CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD READ_ONLY FOR
    SELECT 
          t.TempTableID
        , t.PKRecordID
        , t.COL1
        , t.COL2
        , t.COL3
        , t.COL4
        , t.COL5
        , New_Row = CAST('<r><s>' + t.COL1 + '</s><s>' + t.COL2 + '</s><s>' + t.COL3 + '</s><s>' + t.COL4 + '</s><s>' + t.COL5 + '</s></r>' AS XML)
        , Old_Row = CAST('<r><s>' + m.COL1 + '</s><s>' + m.COL2 + '</s><s>' + m.COL3 + '</s><s>' + m.COL4 + '</s><s>' + m.COL5 + '</s></r>' AS XML)  
    FROM dbo.TempTable t
    LEFT JOIN dbo.MasterTable m ON t.PKRecordID = m.PKRecordID

OPEN cur

FETCH NEXT FROM cur INTO 
      @TempTableID
    , @PKRecordID
    , @COL1
    , @COL2
    , @COL3
    , @COL4
    , @COL5
    , @New_Row
    , @Old_Row

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN

    BEGIN TRY

        IF @Old_Row IS NOT NULL BEGIN

            UPDATE dbo.MasterTable 
            SET 
                  COL1 = @COL1
                , COL2 = @COL2
                , COL3 = @COL3
                , COL4 = @COL4
                , COL5 = @COL5
            WHERE PKRecordID = @PKRecordID

            INSERT dbo.HistoryTable 
            (
                  PKRecordID
                , ColumnChanged
                , OldValue
                , NewValue
            )
            SELECT 
                  @PKRecordID
                , 'COL' + CAST(new_id AS VARCHAR(5))
                , old_value
                , new_value
            FROM (
                SELECT 
                      new_value = n.value('(.)1', 'VARCHAR(10)')
                    , new_id = 1 + n.value('for $i in . return count(../*. << $i)', 'int')
                    , old_value = o.value('(.)1', 'VARCHAR(10)')
                    , old_id = 1 + o.value('for $i in . return count(../*. << $i)', 'int')
                FROM (SELECT a = 1) d
                CROSS APPLY @New_Row.nodes('/r/s') t(n)
                CROSS APPLY @Old_Row.nodes('/r/s') k(o)
            ) data
            WHERE new_id = old_id
                AND NULLIF(new_value, '') != NULLIF(old_value, '')

            UPDATE dbo.TempTable 
            SET Success = 'Y'
            WHERE TempTableID = @TempTableID

        END
        ELSE BEGIN

            INSERT dbo.MasterTable 
            (
                  PKRecordID
                , COL1
                , COL2
                , COL3
                , COL4
                , COL5
            )
            SELECT 
                  @PKRecordID
                , @COL1
                , @COL2
                , @COL3
                , @COL4
                , @COL5           

            UPDATE dbo.TempTable 
            SET Success = 'Y'
            WHERE TempTableID = @TempTableID

        END

    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH

        INSERT dbo.ErrorTable 
        (
              PKRecordID
            , TableName
            , TablePK
            , ErrorDateTime
            , ErrorCode
            , ErrorMsg
        )
        SELECT 
              @PKRecordID
            , 'TempTable'
            , @TempTableID
            , GETDATE()
            , ERROR_NUMBER()
            , ERROR_MESSAGE()

    END CATCH

    FETCH NEXT FROM cur INTO 
          @TempTableID
        , @PKRecordID
        , @COL1
        , @COL2
        , @COL3
        , @COL4
        , @COL5
        , @New_Row
        , @Old_Row

END

CLOSE cur
DEALLOCATE cur

这可能对您有所帮助：

CREATE TRIGGER ...
   ON ...
   INSTEAD OF INSERT, UPDATE
AS
BEGIN

    SET NOCOUNT ON
    SET XACT_ABORT ON

    DECLARE @DocumentUID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
    ...

    DECLARE cur CURSOR FORWARD_ONLY READ_ONLY LOCAL FOR
        SELECT DocumentUID, ...
        FROM INSERTED

    OPEN cur

    FETCH NEXT FROM cur INTO @DocumentUID, ...

    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN

        DECLARE 
              @BeforeChange NVARCHAR(MAX)
            , @AfterChange NVARCHAR(MAX)

        SELECT 
              @BeforeChange = (
                SELECT * 
                FROM DELETED 
                WHERE DocumentUID = @DocumentUID 
                FOR XML RAW, ROOT
              )
            , @AfterChange = (
                SELECT * 
                FROM INSERTED 
                WHERE DocumentUID = @DocumentUID 
                FOR XML RAW, ROOT
              )

        IF EXISTS(
            SELECT 1 
            FROM dbo.Documents 
            WHERE DocumentUID = @DocumentUID
        )
        BEGIN

            INSERT INTO ...
            SELECT @BeforeChange, @AfterChange

        END
        ELSE BEGIN

            ...

        END

        FETCH NEXT FROM cur INTO @DocumentUID, ...

    END

    CLOSE cur
    DEALLOCATE cur

END
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