单例模式是23种设计模式中的一种,关于它的介绍,已经数不胜数了,一般网上的实现方式无非是什么懒汉式,饿汉式,内部类,枚举,volatile加双重校验锁等等,今天我又想到一个新的实现方式,利用J.U.C提供的原子类,代码如下:
class SingleTon {
private static AtomicReference<SingleTon> reference = new AtomicReference<>();
private SingleTon() {
}
public static SingleTon getInstance() {
while (reference.get() == null) {
reference.compareAndSet(null, new SingleTon());
}
return reference.get();
}
}
测试:
1. 测试线程类
class TestThread extends Thread {
HashSet<SingleTon> hashSet;
boolean flag;
int number;
public TestThread(HashSet<SingleTon> hashSet, boolean flag, int number) {
this.hashSet = hashSet;
this.flag = flag;
this.number = number;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (flag) {
TestThread[] threads = new TestThread[number];
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
threads[i] = new TestThread(hashSet, !flag, 0);
}
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
threads[i].start();
}
}
hashSet.add(SingleTon.getInstance());
System.out.println("当前hashset大小:" + hashSet.size());
}
}
- 测试实例
HashSet<SingleTon> hashSet = new HashSet<>();
int number = 50;
TestThread[] threads = new TestThread[number];
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) { threads[i] = new TestThread(hashSet, true, 200); }
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) { threads[i].start(); }
然而结果并不明朗,某些情况下,打印出的结果为:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
瞬间忧伤了,本来以为发现新大陆了的,结果,哎!不死心,是什么问题呢?为什么会有两个Singleton呢?
ok,修改测试方法:
HashSet<SingleTon> hashSet = new HashSet<>();
int number = 50;
TestThread[] threads = new TestThread[number];
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
threads[i] = new TestThread(hashSet, true, 200);
}
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
threads[i].start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
if (hashSet.size() > 1) {
for (SingleTon singleTon : hashSet) {
System.out.println(singleTon + "" + singleTon.hashCode());
}
}
虽然结果还是有2,3,1,但是,最后的打印信息显示,HashSet中只有一个Singleton实例。这是为什么呢?因为HashSet是非线程安全的,在多线程环境下,容易发生状态不一致的情况。我们换成CopyOnWriteArraySet再来试一下。
class TestThread extends Thread {
CopyOnWriteArraySet<SingleTon> hashSet;
boolean flag;
int number;
public TestThread(CopyOnWriteArraySet<SingleTon> hashSet, boolean flag,
int number) {
this.hashSet = hashSet;
this.flag = flag;
this.number = number;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (flag) {
TestThread[] threads = new TestThread[number];
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
threads[i] = new TestThread(hashSet, !flag, 0);
}
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
threads[i].start();
}
}
hashSet.add(SingleTon.getInstance());
System.out.println(hashSet.size());
}
}
OK,一切正常。
欢迎大家指出不对之处。