java 同步锁（synchronized）的正确使用姿势

2024年1月26日 311次阅读来源: java锁

关于线程安全，线程锁我们经常会用到，但你的使用姿势正确不，反正我用错了好长一段时间而不自知。所以有了这篇博客总结下线程锁的正确打开姿势废话不说看例子一，对整个方法进行加锁 1，对整个方法进行加锁，不同线程访问同一个类的同一个对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {

	@Override
	public synchronized  void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
			{
				try {
					Thread.sleep(200);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---"+i);
			}
		}
	

}

public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnable=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnable,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnable,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadA—0

threadA—1

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadA—9

threadB—0

threadB—1

threadB—2

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadB—8

threadB—9

2，对整个方法进行加锁，不同线程访问同一个类的不同对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {

	@Override
	public synchronized  void run() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
			{
				try {
					Thread.sleep(200);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---"+i);
			}
		}
	

}

 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnableA=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnableA,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 TestRunnable runnableB=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnableB,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadB—0

threadA—0

threadA—1

threadB—1

threadA—2

threadB—2

threadA—3

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadB—5

threadA—6

threadB—6

threadA—7

threadB—7

threadA—8

threadB—8

threadA—9

threadB—9

小结：对方法整体加锁的做法适用条件是多个线程访问的必须是同一个类的同一个实例对象

一，对代码块进行加锁 1，对代码块进行加锁，加锁对象为当前类对象，不同线程访问同一个类的同一个对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {


 @Override
 public void run() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 synchronized (TestRunnable.this) {
 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(200);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + i);
 }
 }
 }


}

public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnable=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnable,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnable,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadA—0

threadA—1

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadA—9

threadB—0

threadB—1

threadB—2

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadB—8

threadB—9

2，对代码块进行加锁，加锁对象为当前类对象，不同线程访问同一个类的不同对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {


 @Override
 public void run() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 synchronized (TestRunnable.this) {
 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(200);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + i);
 }
 }
 }


}

 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnableA=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnableA,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 TestRunnable runnableB=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnableB,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadB—0

threadA—0

threadB—1

threadA—1

threadB—2

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadB—3

threadA—4

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadB—8

threadA—9

threadB—9

3，对代码块进行加锁，加锁对象为当前类（不是类对象哦），不同线程访问同一个类的同一个对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {


 @Override
 public void run() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 synchronized (TestRunnable.class) {
 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(200);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + i);
 }
 }
 }


}

public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnable=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnable,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnable,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadA—0

threadA—1

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadA—9

threadB—0

threadB—1

threadB—2

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadB—8

threadB—9

4，对代码块进行加锁，加锁对象为当前类（不是类对象哦），不同线程访问同一个类的不同对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {


 @Override
 public void run() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 synchronized (TestRunnable.class) {
 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(200);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + i);
 }
 }
 }


}

 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnableA=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnableA,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 TestRunnable runnableB=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnableB,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadA—0

threadA—1

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadA—9

threadB—0

threadB—1

threadB—2

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadB—8

threadB—9

5，对代码块进行加锁，加锁对象为已赋值的变量，不同线程访问同一个类的同一个对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {


 @Override
 public void run() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 synchronized ("test") {
 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(200);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + i);
 }
 }
 }


}

public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnable=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnable,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnable,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadA—0

threadA—1

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadA—9

threadB—0

threadB—1

threadB—2

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadB—8

threadB—9

6，对代码块进行加锁，加锁对象为已赋值的变量，不同线程访问同一个类的不同对象

public class TestRunnable implements Runnable {


 @Override
 public void run() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 synchronized ("test") {
 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
 try {
 Thread.sleep(200);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + i);
 }
 }
 }


}

 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 TestRunnable runnableA=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadA=new Thread(runnableA,"threadA");
 threadA.start();
 
 TestRunnable runnableB=new TestRunnable();
 Thread threadB=new Thread(runnableB,"threadB");
 threadB.start();
 }

运行结果： threadA—0

threadA—1

threadA—2

threadA—3

threadA—4

threadA—5

threadA—6

threadA—7

threadA—8

threadA—9

threadB—0

threadB—1

threadB—2

threadB—3

threadB—4

threadB—5

threadB—6

threadB—7

threadB—8

threadB—9

小结：当对代码块进行加锁时，当加锁对象是一个确定值时（当前类，或者已赋值的变量）不同线程访问同一个类的不同对象时也可以实现线程同步

最后奉上线程锁在实际开发中的应用—-单例模式

1，懒汉式写法

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance;
    private Singleton (){}
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
	if (instance == null) {
	    instance = new Singleton();
	}
	return instance;
    }
}

2，懒汉式写法升级版（双重校验锁）性能优于第一种

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton singleton;  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getSingleton() {  
    if (singleton == null) {  
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {  
        if (singleton == null) {  
            singleton = new Singleton();  
        }  
        }  
    }  
    return singleton;  
    }  
}

3，饿汉式写法，不依赖于线程同步锁，依赖于静态变量和类的同步加载实现线程安全

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
    private Singleton (){}
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
	return instance;
    }
}

    原文作者：java锁
    原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/AndroFarmer/article/details/69219066
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