§ Lesson One A private conversation 私人谈话
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the writer complain to the people behind him?
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I can’t hear a word!” I said angrily.
“It’s none of your business,” the young man said rudely. “This is a private conversation!”
【参考译文】
上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！”
“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★private adj.私人的 public：公众的，公开的
private citizen普通公民； private life：私生活
it’s my private letter/house；
private school 私立学校；public school 公立学校；
public letter 公开信 ；public place 公共场所
in private: 私下里的；in public: 公开的
Why not have a conversation in public?
privacy隐私 it’s a privacy. n.
★conversation n.谈话，比较正式一些
subject of conversation：话题
★talk可以正式，也可以不正式（私人的）
let’s have a talk.
They are having a conversation.
conversation 用的时候比talk正式，意思上往往不非常正式.
★dialogue：对话
China and Korea are having a dialogue. 正式
★chat: 闲聊
★gossip:嚼舌头
have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip
名词变动词
★theatre n.剧场，戏剧；cinema: 电影院
★seat n.座位 have a good seat (place)
take a seat : 座下来，就座
take your seat/take a seat
Is the seat taken? 这个座位有人吗？no/yes
sit：sit down, please
seat：take your seat, please
be seated, please 更为礼貌
seat是及物动词，后面有宾语
sit是不及物动词，后面不加宾语
sit he is sitting there.
seat后面会加人; seat sb.; seat him; seat:让某人就座
you seat him.
【语法精粹】
When all those present (到场者)____ he began his lecture.(重点题)
A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seated √
sit, sit down; seat, be seated; take a seat
★angry adj. 生气的；angrily adv. 副词修饰动词
cross=angry ; I was angry. He was cross.
★annoyed: 恼火的; I was annoyed.
be blue in the face; I am blue in the face.
★attention n. 注意
Attention, please. 请注意
pay attention : 注意
pay attention to : 对什么注意
You must pay attention to that girl.
pay a little attention :稍加注意
pay much attention :多加注意
pay more attention :更多注意
pay no attention :不用注意
★bear(bore, borne) v. 容忍
bear/stand/endure
忍受的极限在加大
I can’t bear/stand you.
endure : 忍受，容忍； put up with 忍受
I got divorced. I could not put up with him.
put up with=bear=stand
★bear n.熊 white bear白熊、北极熊
bear hug : 热情(热烈)的拥抱
give sb.. a bear hug
★business n. 事
business man :生意人； do business: 做生意
go to some place on business:因公出差
I went to Tianjin on business.
★thing 可以指事情,也可以指东西
It’s my business 私人事情
it’s none of your business
★rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地；rude adj.
【课文讲解】
go to the theatre = see a film, go to the cinema
go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛
go to the dairy 去牛奶店
go to the + 人 + ‘s 表示去这个人开的店
go to the butcher’s 买肉 go to the doctor’s 去看病
go to school: 去上学
go to church: 去做礼拜
go to hospital(医院):去看病
go home; I am at home.
跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息
★enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心
enjoy+sth. : 喜欢, 从当中得到一种享受
I like something very much. /I love something.
I enjoy the music.
★过去进行时态 : 过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述
I+be+v(ing) were sitting :当时正座在
The girl was reading a book in the garden. A boy came to her.
★got : 变得, 表示一种变化
I am/was angry 是一个事实
I got angry: 强调变化过程
got取代be动词, got是一个半联系动词, 可以直接加形容词
说话的时候喜欢用缩略. I’m not, he isn’t, they aren’t
写的时候会说: I am not, he is not, they are not
I didn’t do sth.., I did not do sth..
★hear:听见； hear+人:听见某人的话
I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?
I couldn’t hear you. /I couldn’t hear a word. /I couldn’t catch your words.
I couldn’t hear you clearly. /I couldn’t catch your words.
Beg your pardon? /I couldn’t catch your words.
★hear a word, a word 等于一句话
hear a word of sb.. (actors)
He didn’t say a word.
May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?
It’s none of your business. /None of your business. /It’s my business.
★turn round:转头
★pay (any) attention表示注意；
对什么加以注意pay attention to sth.
★This is private conversation!
private : 私人的, 不想与别人共享
【Key Structures关键句型】
陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号；
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语、动词
主语——>动词——>宾语——>状语
1 —主语一般有名词或代词构成
2 —谓语由动词充当
3 —宾语
4 —副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语
I like her very much
5 —地点状语
6 —时间状语可以放在句首或句末，先地点后时间
I like the girl very much in Beijing last year.
如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where
【Multiple choice questions多项选择题】
★pay attention: 注意(在思想上)
notice: 注意(=see 眼睛看)
★sitting behind
behind: 在…后面
★in front of :在…前面 (相对静止的概念)
★before : 在…前面 (+词、句子、一定和时间相连)
★above: 在…上面
★ahead of: 在…前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)
He arrived before six o’clock.
Before he came back
He goes ahead of me.
★特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问
how(adv.) ——对一个方式、状态提问；对形容词、副词、介词短语提问
where ——用介词,地点
when ——用介词,时间
why ——用because回答
★any——用在否定句和疑问句中
★some——用在肯定句中
★none——没有任何东西、没有任何人
None knows./None of us knows.
★not any=no
not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面
He didn’t pay attention
no——形容词、修饰名词
I have no time./I don’t have any time.
★suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦
bear: 忍受=stand
I suffer the headache.
He often suffers defeat.
§ Lesson two Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why was the writer’s aunt surprised?
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. ‘What a day!’ I thought. ‘It’s raining again.’ Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. ‘I’ve just arrived by train,’ she said. ‘I’m coming to see you.’
‘But I’m still having breakfast,’ I said.
‘What are you doing?’ she asked.
‘I’m having breakfast,’ I repeated.
‘Dear me,’ she said. ‘Do you always get up so late? It’s one o’clock!’
【参考译文】
那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。”
“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。
“你在干什么？”她问道。
“我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。
“天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！”
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★until prep.直到
not……until直到…才; 直到…为止
I stay in bed until twelve o’clock.
I didn’t get up until 12 o’clock.
后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句
1) His father didn’t die until he came back. (否定)
直到他回来,他爸爸才死。
2) His father was alive until he came back. (肯定)
直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。
到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die; 活的 : 不加not.
把until作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前, 这个动作做了还是没做?
做了——肯定; 没做——否定.
★outside adv. 外面 作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outside.
★ring(rang.rung) v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当
给某人打电话 : ring sb..
Tomorrow I’ll ring you.
打电话(名) : give sb.. a ring
remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring
戒指(名词)
★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈
uncle: 叔叔
cousin: 堂兄妹
nephew: 外甥
niece: 外甥女
★repeat v.重复
【课文讲解】
★On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天
★never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)
=not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don’t like her.=I never like her.
因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时。
★look out of :朝窗外看
从…里:from,out of
★What a day?
What + a + n.——感叹句
It is terrible day.==> What a terrible day!
Ｗhat＋a／an (+a.)＋ｎ．(＋主语＋谓语）
What a terrible day!
what a good girl (she is)!
What a day!
有上下文和一定的语境，才能省略形容词。
★just then: 就在那时；just只会出现在＂现在完成时＂
★如果不知道对方性别，可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
★by train
by 直接加交通工具（不能有任何修饰词，复数）
I go out by bus/on two buses.
如果加修饰词，就要换掉by
★I’m coming to see you. 我将要来看你。
be coming 表示一般将来
go, come leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join…
【Key structures 关键句型】
★Now, often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
Now——现在进行时（说话的当时正在发生，现阶段正在发生）
Often ad Always——一般现在时，是一种习惯，真理，是过去，现在和未来都会发生的事情。
★He is still sleeping. 他现在还在睡觉。
频率副词往往放在句子中间，实义动词前，非实义动词后。
非实义动词：
- 系动词（be)
2. 助动词：帮助动词构成时态的(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)
3. 情态动词：（must, can, may)
4. are you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive, join, return, die, land, meet)
go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语）
(rarely 很少）
【Special Difficulties难点】
★What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语；What 对名词感叹
★He is causing a lot of trouble
名词:trouble
主语:he
动词:is causing
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
【Multiple choice questions】
★”not early”
late(adj./adv.) 晚的、迟的
lately(adv.) 最近 =recently (How are you going lately?)
★look(vi.):表示看的动作；后面一定要加介词
see(vt.) : 表示看的结果； 后面直接加宾语
watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语，但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
★lunch中餐； food食物； dinner正餐； meal一顿饭
★频率副词,放在实义动词前，非实义动词后;
★如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词．要放在两个之间
★疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面
§ Lesson three Please Send Me a Card 请给我寄一张明信片
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How many cards did the writer send?
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
【参考译文】
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★send v. 寄，(通过第三人去)送； take: 某人亲自送
send sth..to sb../send sb..sth.
give sb..sth../give sth..to sb..
send/take children to school
★postcard n. 明信片
send him a card
name card/visiting card : 名片
Here is my name card.
ID card:身份证
credit card:信用卡
cash card 现金支取卡；提款卡
★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味，损坏
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好；生活中不顺心的事;宠坏，溺爱
His parents spoiled the boy. 宠坏
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
★break: 打破；
damage: 破坏，程度不一定很重
destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁
★museum n. 博物馆
Palace Museum:故宫
★public adj. 公共的—private
public school/place/house(pub:酒吧)
★friendly adj. 友好的；
★lovely adj. 可爱的；令人愉快的；爱恋的；秀丽的，优美的； n. 美女；可爱的东西
★waiter n. 服务员，招待员
waiter；waitress
chief waiter 领班
★shop assistant 售货员、店员
★attendant adj. 伴随的；侍候的；
n. 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从
★lend v. 借给；borrow from 向……借
lend sth..to sb.
lend sb..sth..
★decision n. 决定； v. decide
make a big/great decision
★whole adj. 整个的
all the…
the whole…
★single adj. 唯一的，单一的； double n. v. adj. adv.
【课文讲解】
★and 先后往往是对等的概念
★teach sb..sth..
send/lend/teach sb..sth..
send/lend/teach sth.. to sb.
★I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
★think about 考虑，思考；think over 仔细考虑
★last:表示＂上一个＂或＂最后一个＂，表示＂最后一个＂时要加冠词the
★I spend the whole day in my room.
spend+时间+地点
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother’s.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.
【Special Difficulties】
★双宾语：直接宾语（表示动作结果）和间接宾语（动作目标）give sb..sth..
sb.: 间接宾语
sth.: 直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to(对……而言）或for（为……而做）
give a book to me. I buy a book for you
take flowers to my wife.
order soup for you.
可以翻译为＂给＂、＂替＂、＂为＂的，就用for; 如果只能翻译为＂给＂的，就用to。
★与for相连的 buy,order,make,find
find sth..for sb..
do sb..a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me.
【Multiple choice questions】
★找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定，
who—whom
人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom
如果对主语提问，则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样
如果对非主语来提问，则句子要使用特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句的语序
★in…way :以…方式
★friendly单独用，形容词，一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way
★all of 后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修修饰词
一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of the students
★latest:最新的 latest news latest style
★think about:考虑、思考、想
make up one’s mind:下定决心
change one’s mind:改变主意
make a wish : 愿望
§ Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why is Tim finding this trip exciting?
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.
【参考译文】
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★excite v. 激动
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 -ing:令人感到
excited adj.兴奋的；激动的；活跃的 v. -ed: 自己感到
exciting boy；interesting man
The man is interesting.
The news exciting, I am excited.
★其宾语一定是人
The news excited me.
让后面的人感到．．．
interesting:令人感到有趣的
interested: 感到有意思的
The book interests me.
★receive v. 接受，收到
★accept同意接收
★receive客观的收到
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didn’t accept it.
★receive/have
receive/have a letter from somebody.
★take the exam：接收考试； take advice接收建议
★firm n. 商行，公司；
★company n. 公司；陪伴\同伴；；vi. 交往 vt. 陪伴
★different adj. 不同的
★centre n. 中心
★abroad adv. 在国外，副词，直接和动词连用
go abroad
live abroad
study abroad
【课文讲解】
★has been + in 地点
He has been in America for tow years.
★work for work in 强调地点 work for强调work
I am working for a school.
I am working in the New Oriental school.
a great number of =a lot of
a great number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数
a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
I have a lot of friends.
I have a great number of friends.
has gone to 去了某地没回来
has been to 曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方
Have you been to Paris?
★soon很快（时间）
★from there从那地方起
from 即可以加时间又可以加地点
from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjing
fly to Perth: go to Perth by air
★before——副词，在此之前, 现在完成时态的标志
★find trip exciting
find +宾语+形容词做宾补
find the room clean
find her happy
【语法精粹】
★下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时
believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think
consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste
require possess care like hate love detest desire
★arrive不能和断时间连用
★用进行时态表示将来时态的：go, come, leave, arrive
★下面几个词一出现就标志着完成式：just, before, already, receive, take
★他到某地有多久了。
He has been.
I have been here for three years.
★find发现，找到
find the book dirty
find+n.+a.
【Multiple choice questions】
★at…表示位置 be at…(典型表示位置的介词短语）
★go to…只要有to这个感念，它的后面一定要有宾语，go to the theater
★go in…(in 做副词）很小加宾语 He went in.
★go into…有去向的动作，还有进入的动作
go into the room
★move 搬家
move in搬进来
move to the new house正在搬
move into搬进去了
★how long…对段时间提问，跟现在完成时相连
§ Lesson five No wrong numbers 无错号之虞
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does ‘No wrong numbers’ mean?
Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private ‘telephone’ service.
【参考译文】
詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部，现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部。平赫特离锡尔伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买了只鸽子。昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里。这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。就这样，他开始自己的私人“电话”业务。
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★pigeon n. 鸽子
It’s not my pigeon. 这不是我的过错
＝None of my business.
★message n. 信息
★information…不可数
★leave sb.. a message:给…留便条
I’ll leave you a message.
★take a message for sb.: 替…捎口信
Can I take a message for you?
Can you take a message for me?
★cover v. 越过
cover:覆盖
cover+距离：越过 cover the distance
★distance n. 距离 （远距离的）
★Importance n.)重要 important a.)重要的
★different:(a.) 不同的 difference：（n.)不同
keep distance:保持距离
★request n. 要求，请求
request for: 对…有请求，有需求
I have a request for the cake.
request sb..to do sth….要求某人做．＝ask sb..to do sth..
require sb..to do sth..
you are required/asked to do…
★spare part 备件
★service n. 业务，服务； serve:(v.) 服务，接待
I am glad to be at your service. 我很乐意为您效劳．
——Thank you.
——You are welcome./Not at all./That’s (all)right./(It’s) My pleasure.
/That’s ok.
——Thank you for your listening.
—No thanks.
【课文讲解】
★garage:车库，车行
★another:其它的很多个中的一个；other: 其它的
★How for…? 多远
How far(away) is the bus stop?
How far is your home(from here)?
My home is ten miles away from here.
★get a telephone:得到电话，安装电话
★for为了
★just…完成时态
★from…to…:从一个地点的另外一个地点
★carry带着，携带
I take my sister to the cinema.
I carried my son.
I carry the bag.
★cover the distance:飞过那段距离
★up to now:到现在为止(现在完成时)
★request for:对…的需求
★a great many:许多（＋可数名词复数）
★a great number of：许多（＋可数名词复数）
★urgent:紧急的 sth..urgent:紧急的事情
★another:其它中的一个（＋单数名词）
★the other:两个之中的另外一个 one…the other
★other:(a.)+n. 其它的
Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/going boat.
One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading.
Can you show me another?
【Special Difficulties】
★in this way:这样,以这种方式
in a friendly way
★in a way : 从某种意义上来说
in the way:挡路；≠out of the way:让路
★by the way:随便说一声，随便问一下（开头——转移话题，随意）
★on the way（to):在去…的途中（陈述句）
★in the family way:怀孕了，快有小孩了
on the way to school/the office,on the way home.
In a way, you are kind.
Sorry, you are in the way.
Get out of the way.
The woman is in the family way.
★in the way, 这种方式
I do…in the way you showed me.
I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
★in a way…从某种意义上来说
★get one’s own way:随心所欲
★soon:不久以后，
★for a short time:不久，表示动作延续一段时间
★soon:不久以后,在这段时间之后,强调的是时间上的快
shortly=soon.不久以后
★in a hurry匆忙的指的是动作
【Multiple choice questions】
★so表示前面是原因，后面是结果
★That’s why :那就是为什么，前者是原因
That’s why+从句：那就是……原因，前者是原因，后者★why后面是结果
I was caught in the traffic jam. That’s why I was late.
★be动词后面是表语，后面的从句是表语从句
★That’s后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导，再加一个句子
That’s when we can start class.
That’s where we will have a meeting.
That’s how I get to school.
★an/a是冠词
★his/my/your是形容词性物主代词
★my mother’s是名词所有格
在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其中一个
a bag/my bag； his形容词物主代词
★…one…the other…
another另外一个another=an+other
another=an+other
another强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有三个以上
other其它的，加单数就表示一个，his取代the的位置
语法的范围正在放宽松
else其他的
★疑问代词，who else, what else can I do for you?
anyone else, anything else?不定代词
else会放在被修饰词的后面，会修饰两种词，疑问词和不定代词
【时态填空】
★never属于频率副词，频率副词一定会放在实义动词之前，非实义动词之后
★in the first World War, in+具体的过去年代是具体的过去时间，一般过去时
★When,对时间点提问
要不然和将来时连用，When will you do sth.?
如果确定不和将来时连用，一般情况When的出现意味着一般过去时
★up till now/up to now, yet现在完成时
现在完成时会用How long定位
动词的时态的第一种概念：根据这句话本身找关键词
完形填空一句话的出的结论不一定是正确的，往往要根据上下文的时间得出时态
§Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Who is Percy Buttons?
I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
New Words and Expressions 生词和短语
【参考译文】
我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门，问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报，那乞丐头顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着歌。我给了他一顿饭。他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他，他叫珀西.巴顿斯。他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★beggar n. 乞丐
beg v.乞求
I beg your pardon?
ask for :请求得到
beg for :乞求得到
★food n. 食物 不可数
a lot of food
★pocket n. 衣服口袋
inner pocket:内口袋
jacket pocket
coat pocket
pocket book:袖珍书
pocket dictionary:袖珍词典
pocket money：（小孩）零花钱
change:零钱
get exact change：准备好正确的零花钱
beer money:（男孩）零花钱
pocket pick:车上的小偷
★call v. 拜访，光顾
visit
call sb.:给某人打电话
call up sb. 给某人打电话
call back回某人电话
Can you take a message for me?
Can you tell him to call back?
call on sb. 拜访某人
call at, at一般和地点相连
call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地
I will call on you.
I will call at your home.
call out =shout,大声喊
call in sb.:招集和邀请某人
For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.
【课文讲解】
move to 搬到
knock at敲
knock at the door
knock at the window
beer；bear
ask sb. for sth.:问某人要什么东西；request for
for;为了这个目的去请求某人，sb.更多的时候不出现，ask for sth.
The boy asked for money again/once more.
in return for this：作为对什么的回报
in return:作为回报
He doesn’t want anything in return.
hospitality:热情
I’ll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.
this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情
stood on his head：倒立
stand on one’s hands:用手着地
跪着，膝盖：knees,stand on one’s knees
躺着，躺：lie,lie in bed,lie on one’s back:仰面躺着
lie on one’s side:侧躺
趴着：lie on one’s stomach
give him a meal
go away
later：后来
tell sb. about sth.,about:关于，通过其他事自己得出结论，tell you about him
tell sb. sth.:告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)，tell you the news
tell you the word
tell you about the word
everybody作为主语一定作单数看待，属于不定代词
所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待
calls at every house
in the street英国写／on the street美国写
once a month:一个月一次，单位表达方式
a.表示每月一次，计量单位
five kilometers an hour
ask for,是ask sb. for sth.的省略
Percy Buttons?a beggar
He calls at eery house in the street once a month and asks for a meal
and a glass of bear
【Key structures 关键句型】
a,the和some
a:单数，可数名词
the:可加单数/复数，还可加不可数名词，加在什么名词前面都对
some:只能加在不可数名词的前面或可数名词复数的前面
a和the的区别
a是泛指，a man;特指，the man
在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰，第二次出现的时候用the
在表示一种笼统感念的陈述句中可以省略a和some
Yesterday I bought a book,Books are not very expensive.
笼统感念：某某一类／一种东西
I have just drunk a glass of milk ,Milk is very refreshing.
I ate an apple./Apples are delicious.
I like oranges.Would you like some oranges?
Mrs.Jones bought a bag of flour,a bag of sugar,and some tea.
She always buys flour,sugar and tea at the grocer’s
a和the
A man is walking towards me.The man is carrying a parcel.The parcel
is full of meat.
Names
We cannot put a or the in front of names
表示某某一类人当中，具有这种特征当中的一个，a Mr.zhang
【Special Difficulties难点】
某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义，这种新的组合称作短语动词
put:放，put on
take:拿走，take off
look:看，
look at:看，look for:寻找，
look after:照顾，look out:当心
★call,call at,call on,call in ,call back,call for
knock，knock at:敲，knock off,knock over,knock out
knock off:下班，He knocked off earlier.
knock sth. off+地点，knock the vase off the table
knock off:打折，knock 10% off the price.
knock over,A car knocked the boy over.
如果有地点，off; 无地点，over,I knocked the boy off the bicycle.
【Exercises】
knock out :打陨，boxer:拳击手
在拳击场合中，把人打倒在地叫knock out
knock 10% off the price of all the goods
【Multiple choice question】
★say说/tell告诉
He says + 句子；He says+that+句子；say to sb..
tell sb..+句子：tell sb..+that+句子
He said to me/he told me
Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语
一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词
He told me Percy Bottons was a Beggar.
they all/all they
all of us/all of them
我们所有人 all of us,we all
★each/every 每一个
each:强调个体；every 强调整体
every adj.+n. 每一个（书，本，人等）
each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主语或者宾语
every person likes…
each person likes…/each likes…
every 不能做主语；each 强调个体，使用第三人称单数
★once a month:每月一次，属于频率
对频率提问：how often
提问多久：how long
提问次数：how many times
How many times do you visit your mother each month?
How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问
How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问
How soon 多久以后
How soon will you finish your homework?
★out of work 失业
I am out of work,/I lose my job.
★piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
★bar:a bar of chocolate—一块巧克力
bar 门闩：长条状：a bar of chocolate; a bar of soap
block 块，一大块: block v.堵塞；block n.房子
packet:一包
a piece of…/a bit of…
★same age and size 同年代同样式
★street 两边有房子的街道
way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路（强调方向）
road 路的通称：road home 通往家的路
route 路线
【语法精粹】
1.How can you___b____if you are not ____?
A.listening/hearing
B.hear/listening
C.be listening/hear
D.be hearing/listening to
listen听／hear听见
如果你不听，怎么可能听见呢？
be 不能加动词原形；be+ -ed/-ing
can+动词原形
2.The girl even won’t have her lunch before she____her homework.
A.will finish
B.is finishing
C.had finished
D.finishes
won’t=will not
状语从句中，用一般现在时取代将来时．
3.Those who have applied for the post__A__in the office.(此题超前）
A.are being interviewed
B.are interviewing
C.interviewing
D.to be interviewing
apply for 申请
who 在名词后面，引导定语从句
interview 面试
从句（have applied for)现在完成时，主句缺少谓语动词
A.are being interviewed 被动
B.are interviewing 主动
4.The old scientist _____to do more for the country.
A.is wishing
B.has been wishing.
C.wishes
D.has been wished 合理不合情
scientist 科学家；wish 希望
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态．
wish sb..to do
5.If he______,don’t wake him up.
A.still sleeps
B.is still sleeping
C.still had been sleeping
D.will be sleeping still
if——一般用一般现在式
如果他在睡觉的话，不要吵醒他
1.关键词
2.上下文
3.潜在含义
now 现在进行时
often,always
just,already 现在完成时
last week,last summer…一般过去时
Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Did the detectives save the diamonds?
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
【参考译文】
飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。有两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★detective n. 侦探
detective story 侦探小说
★airport n. 机场
★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地
port 港口；airport航空港
field 田野；airfield 停机坪
at the airport
on the airfield
★expect v. 期待，等待
except 除……之外
expect／ik’spekt/ v. 期待，等待
I think so.
I expect so.我希望如此［口语］
expect sb..to do sth..期待某人做某事
expect sth..及物动词：I expect your letter.
I expect you to write back.
wait for sth../wait for sb..不及物动词
expect:心理上的等待
wait for:动作上的等待
I wait for my mother.
I expect my mother to come back.
★valuable adj. 贵重的
★precious adj. 珍贵的
value n.—valuable adj.有价值的
sth..is valuable/sth..is precious
precious 带有感情色彩的
precious photo 珍贵的照片
price 价格；priceless adj.-less 表否定；没有价格的，无价的
valueless adj. 没有价值，不足道的
worth 值：worthless adj. 无价值的
★parcel n. 包裹
★diamond n. 钻石
precious stone 宝石
crystal 水晶; jade 玉
diamond ring 钻石戒指
★steal v. 偷
steal,stole,stolen
steal sth.. 偷（某物）
rob sb.. 抢(某人)
My wallet was stolen.
I was robbed.
rob the bank
★main adj. 主要的
main building; main street
main sentence; main idea
不与人连用
★guard n. 警戒，守卫
life guard 救生员/body guard 保镖
★stone n. 石子
★sand n. 沙子
本课重点：过去进行时，一般过去时
一般过去时与现在完成时
共同点：动作在过去都做过了。
区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。
I ate a piece of bread.
现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I’m not hungry.
The clock stopped.陈述事实
The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响
【课文讲解】
all morning=all the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚（点）了
The bus was late./The train was late.
detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探，强调侦探这种人
★笼统感念，可不加some,the
….were waiting… 故事背景，用进行时态
They were expecting…期待着心理上的等
They were waiting for…
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 强调的是茶
South Africa 南非
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前
a few hours before/a few hours ago
someone had told…过去完成时，过去以前发生的事情
…that thieves would try to…
would+do 过去将来时,间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来
that 从句．典型的宾语从句，起转述作用
steal sth..
one…the other…/some…others…
others=other+名词复数
…the plane arrived,…were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on…
when; while 当……时候
while能用when代替； 但是when却不一定能用while代替．
while+从句，动作一定会延续
when+延续性动词／瞬间动词；when he arrived
when he died
when,while强调动作同时发生
过去进行时：
在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作
瞬间动词（arrive)无进行时态
I am arriving 进行时态表示将要
When he arrived,I was having dinner.
同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时
When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking.
When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV.
同时发生的两个动作
1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时
2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时
When the plane arrived,…were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on…
Two men took the parcel off…
take sth..off…=take sth..away from…
and carried it into…carried 表示看得很重
Customs House 海关
★While…
两个动作同时开始，不是同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致，长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时．
When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.
keep guard 守卫；at the door 在门边
two others=two other detectives
To their surprise
to one’s surprise,让某人惊讶的是
To my surprise,the teacher was late.
to one’s joy
To my joy, my mother came here yesterday.
to one’s excitement
To our excitement,our team wins.
be full of …装满
My bag was full of books.
The cup is full of water.
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前
two others
to one’s surprise,…
be full of 装满
重点：过去动作同时发生的时态
1.过去两个动作同时发生，习惯上一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时
；动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时；分工的情况，动作的开始时间和
结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时；
I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.
2.两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作
发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时．
When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先开门
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响
3.瞬间动词没有进行时态，所以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间
动词使用过去时态。
【Special Difficulties】
Do you remember these sentences?
come and look at…
I am looking for…
v.+prep.+宾语
Now read these sentences
v.+prep./adv.代表不同的意思
look at 看；look after照料
v.+prep./adv.+宾语（ｎ．）
v.+宾语（n./pron.)+prep./adv.
take off the coat……take the coat off/take it off
coat n.作宾语
put on your shoes/put your shoes on/put them on
宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以 v.+prep.+宾语(n.)
副词可省略．v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. 或 v.+adv.+宾语(n.)
at,after prep; off adv.
vt.+宾语
vi.+prep.+宾语
take vt./look vi.
I always take money with me.
Exercise
put the book on the desk–> put vt.
put out…–>out adv.
He is looking for his pen.……for prep.
1.give away…–>give(vt.)–>give…away
2.woke up…–>wake sb..(vt.);up(adv.)–>wake…up…
wake me up.叫醒我；代词做宾语，放在动词与副词之间
3.look for…–>look(vi.)
4.cut off…–>cut(vt.);cut oneself;cut hair
5.put on…–>put…on…
6.give it back…–>it(pron.)
7.lift up…–>up(adv.)可省略；lift(up)sth.;lift sth..up
8.take off…;put on…—>take (vt.)put(vt.)
9.look at…—>look(vi.)
10.send her away…—her(pron.)
11.pull down…–>pull(vt.);down(adv.)
pull one’s leg 开玩笑
12.make up…—>make(vt.)up one’s mind习惯用法不换,语法可换
13.ask for…–>ask(sb..)for sth.. 省略sb..
14.throw away…–>throw(vt.)…away…
宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词
vt.+adv.+宾语(n.)
vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.
vi+prep.+宾语(n.)
词组当中的练习，短语be interested in
如果不能接收，就记住－－放弃
如果已经说过，还没有明白，就要执著弄懂
【Multiple Choice Exercises】
★had done.——两个动作先后发生（一个动作结束，另一个动作才发生）用过去
完成时
★before:在……之前 as soon as:一……就
★worth后面一定要加动词 something is worth…
The book is worth reading.
worthy……be worthy of worthless……
something is worthless
【Key structures】
1.As:正当 将要走 be doing was leaving …arrived
2.was working…was sitting
3.was working…met
4.was reading…heard hear是不用进行时态的
5.set the table摆桌子 was preparing…set
6.dropped…was speaking
Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why is Joe’s garden the most beautiful one in the town?
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for ‘The Nicest Garden Competition’ each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith’s garden is larger than Joe’s. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe’s garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
【参考译文】
乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】★competition n. 比赛，竞赛
race car race
football match
contest baby contest
beauty contest 选美
暗地里的竞争－competition
game
★neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的
neat=tidy
★path n. 小路，小径
★wooden adj. 木头的
★pool n. 水池
人工的 swimming pool
pond 天然的 good pond
good bad 比较级－than
最高级－of all
He is the tallest of all. He is the tallest in the room.
the+ -est
more interesting the most interesting
三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节
比较级的构成：more+原级 最高级的构成：the most+原级
单音节的词用er
双音节 以y结尾的双音节词+er
clever cleverer more clever
slowly more slowly
often more often
fun快乐 more fun 美国人用
无规律：good/bad； many/much； few/little
many/much—more—most
little—less—least
far old far–farther farthest further furthest
farther距离上的远和更远
further程度 further more
old–older oldest elder eldest
older比…大
elder做定语修饰其他名词 elder sister
She is older than somebody.
【课文讲解】
★Joe’s garden is the most beautiful.
Bill’s garden is the largest.
比较的东西都是同类的事物
★enter for报名参加，强调报名
enter for the exam
take part in 真真参加
★win赢 won–won I win. I lose
win something I win the book. I win the gold cup
win后面往往是奖品
win a prize:赢得了一个奖
win a prize for:因为…而获奖
win不能接对手
defeat+对手 I defeat you.
【Key structures】
最高级的标志：of in
in+地点 of+范围
【Special difficulties】
★enter 直接使用表示进入；enter+地点名词
enter for：表示报名（比赛、竞赛、考试的名词）
★athletes : sportsman
【Multiple choice questions】
★…It is…（It 指代前一句的主语）
两者比较，不可能出现最高级
garden 可数名词
garden 单数：a garden
garden 复数：gardens
It is a larger garden.
可数名词 + a/an 或者 -s
★be fond of=like
I like sth..
I love sth..
I enjoy sth..
I am fond of sth..
★对手关系不能用win
defeat v.击败
beat v.打败；打
gain:get sth..
earn:挣得：earn money
★grow vt.
grow sth.；grow flowers…种植
grow vi.；flowers are growing;…生长
in the garden 地点状语
grow tall/grow big 变得…;一般不加形容词
grow up（up adv.表示向上；只和人连用，表示人的长大）
★sth..is interesting……是令人感兴趣的
be interested in….对——感兴趣
★it 作形式主语；真正的主语是to look up the garden
hard work 繁重的工作
work不可数名词／job可数名词
a hard work 错
a hard job
hard job 错
hardly adv.几乎不
Have you understood me?
Sorry, I have hardly understood you.
★very 不单独使用
and 并列连词，不放在句子末尾
either也，表否定
also 表示也，可以放在句子末尾
often 可以放在句子末尾
§ Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does ‘a cold welcome’ refer to?
On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted. ‘It’s two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!’ I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
参考译文
星期三的晚上，我们去了市政厅。 那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。再过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。15分钟过去了，而就在11点55分时，大钟停了。那根巨大的分针不动了。 我们等啊等啊，可情况没有变化。突然有人喊道：“已经12点零2分了！那钟已经停了！”我看了一下我的手表，果真如此。那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时唱起了歌。
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★welcome n. 欢迎；v. 欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
welcome to＋地点
welcome to China
welcome to my home/welcome home/welcome back
You are welcome./welcome adj.
You are welcome to+地点
★crowd n. 人群
person
people
crowd :in the crowd
I spotted him in the crowd 一眼看见
a crowd of people 没有次序的人群，拥挤的人群
a group of people 有次序的人群
crowd v.拥挤，挤满
a large crowd of people 一大群人／crowds of people 许多人，人山人海
★gather v. 聚集
people gathered 人们聚集在一起，尤指自发性的聚集
★hand n. （表或机器的）指针
hand n.手
minute hand/second hand/hour hand
second hand 二手的，旧的
wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.)
secs.:seconds的缩写
★shout v. 喊叫
call out 大声喊叫
cry out 大声哭喊
scream 尖叫
★refuse v. 拒绝
★laugh v. 笑
【课文讲解】
★A cold welcome 冷遇
cold 冷的，寒冷的，冷淡的
cold fish 冷漠的人
lucky dog 幸运的人
My brother is a cold fish.
★What does “a cold welcome” refer to ?
refer to 指……
On Wednesday evening
in the evening
wednesday修饰evening
★Town Hall 市政厅
the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天
a large crowd of the people一大群人
had gathered 强调事件的时间是过去的过去
It指clock
strike v.strike the clock敲钟/clock strike钟自己响
knock at the door
Listen, the clock is striking.
strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数
★in twenty minutes’ time 20分钟之后
in 表示在段时间以后
根据时态判别in 表示的含义
would strike过去将来时，从过去看未来
We will finish class in half an hour.
★名词所有格表示时间或距离minutes’
It will leave in…minutes’ time
in twenty(minutes’ time)名词所有格可省略
名词所有格可以用来表达时间 an hour’s time，名词以-s结尾或者本身是以-s结尾的复数名词，所有格加 ’
How far is the school from here?
3 minutes’ walk.
★pass 过了
to 没到
…minutes pass…前半小时
25 minutes passed eight
…minutes to …后半小时
a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine
★时刻指点时间，时刻前的介词用at；时间指段时间
at five to twelve作时间状语
一般过去时the clock stopped
顺序句式…,the clock stopped at five to twelve.
An hour passed and then,he arrived.
…minutes later几分钟以后
some time passed and then,sth. happened.
big minute hand 大分针
★waited and waited 等啊等啊，强调动作的重复
walked and walked ,run and run
but 然而，表转折
nothing happened
happen vi.事情做主语，事情发生
what happened?
someone shouted 有人大声喊
It’s two minutes past twelve!
I go to school at seven o’clock.时间状语
It’s nine o’clock;现在9点了
The clock has stopped!现在完成时，强调过去动作导致的结果。
I have had my breakfast.我已经吃过早餐了
I have…
I read a book…
I looked at my watch.
It was true…这是一个事实
It was true that+从句
refuse to do sth..拒绝去做某事
I refuse to leave.我拒绝离开
I refuse to move.我拒绝移动
at that moment :just then就在那时
at the moment: now 现在，此刻，在此时
过去时 began to laugh and sing.
【Key structures】
★in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening
in a week; in January; in Feb.
in summer;in spring; in autumn;in winter
in 1992;in 1999
★on Friday; on 15th; on Wednesday evening; on fine afternoon 有修饰词用on
★at night;at noon;at five to twelve;at ten o’clock
★until 直到……时候
I can’t enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.
★from..to…
Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30
★during 在……期间
during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾
He enjoyed himself during his holiday.
★in the holiday:强调这段时间其中某一点时间，并不表示自始至终
I was caught in an accident in the holiday
at the moment=now
【Special Difficulties】
not…any and no…
any 用于否定句和疑问句中，some用于肯定句
Do you have any friends?
I don’t have any friends.
not 用在非实义动词后面，实义动词前面．
not any=no adj.用在名词前面
I have no friends.
He hasn’t any hobbies. —->He has no hobbies.
He does not go anywhere.—>He goes nowhere
He does not see anybody.—>He sees nobody.
【Multiple choice questions】
★people:人们，做主语是一定是复数
police，cattle是复数
★敲门用knock
敲钟用strike
hit轻和strike重(hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换 打一下
beat 连续不断的打 beat drums
★deny:否认 拒绝去承认，后面一般加名词
refuse:拒绝
§ Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the clavichord?
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s.
参考译文
我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
【New Words and Expressions 生词与短语】
★jazz n. 爵士音乐
a kind of music
★musical adj. 音乐的
music student : the student who learned music
musical student :有音乐天赋的
★instrument n. 乐器
instrument=musical instrument
★clavichord n. 古钢琴
a kind of instrument
★recently adv. 最近
recently=lately
★damage v. 损坏
★key n. 琴键
key to the door
Do you know the key(答案）to the question?
【Key structure】
★string n. （乐器的）弦
★shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊
跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是＂人＂
The news shocks me.
凡是能够用＂人＂做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成：
- 令人……；+ -ing
2.感到…… + -ed
It shocked me.
It is shocking.
I’m shocked.
get a shock n.
sb..get a shock
★surprise 好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到
I want to give you surprise.
★shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴
★allow v. 允许，让
allow doing
Smoking is allowed.
allow sb.. to do sth.
sb..be allowed to do sth..
You are allow to smoke
You are not allow to enter the room if you don’t take the card with you
allow用被动
★touch v. 触摸，碰
【课文讲解】
be made in +地点
be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多种原料）:由……制造（材料）
The ring is made of gold.
It is made from plastic.
be made into:被……制成
The gold is made into a ring.
is done:被动语态的一般现在时
was done:被动语态的一般过去时
使用那一个不取决于动词，而取决于该句话的时态
只要见到ago,一定使用过去时
主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by
play: 1.跟球类连用，直接＋球类；2.跟乐器连用，＋the+乐器
play music on + 乐器
hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深
汉语中习惯用主动形式，英语中习惯用被动形式
be+动词的ing形式：进行时态
be+done: 被动语态
be being done：被动语态的现在进行时
be动词有多少种时态，被动语态就有多少种
have been done
will be done
can be done
had been done
is/am/are/was/were/ done
I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.
The cake has been made.
The cake was made.
The cake had been made.
强调对象是人用主动，强调对象是物用被动，被强调的部分永远做主语
双重所有格／双重属格：名词＋of＋名词所有格（名词性的物主代词）
只有一张照片 my photo
很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine
It happened to a friend of mine.
【Special difficulties】
双重属格结构：
“a friend of my father”
“my father’s friend(s)” ……只有一个（很多）朋友
“a friend of my father’s” √
强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候，选用双重属格结构
【Multiple choice questions】
★”we are not allowed to touch it.”不被允许
肯定结构中must和have to是一个感念
否定结构中must和have to就不一样了
mustn’t:不准，不可以
have to的否定：不必(have实意动词）……don’t have to
You don’t have to go to school.
You mustn’t go to school.
★keep(kept,kept):保持；保存
keep sth..+地点：在某地放…（状态）
put:放（动作）
That’s where
That’s后面＋以特殊疑问词引导的从句
That’s why:那就是…的原因
That’s where:那就是…地点
lift:举起
carry:扛着，背着，抱着
hold:拥有，持有，握着
have:拥有
★”damaged”……可以修复
Destroy：无法修复
Pain：有身体的疼痛
Hurt：hurt oneself／身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害
My hand hurts.
My leg hurts.
Hurt my leg.
Broke：打破，打断，打碎
I broke my leg.
