java-基础-try、catch和finally

1、try块中没有抛出异常,try、catch和finally块中都有return语句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 public  static  int  NoException(){           int  i= 10 ;           try {             System.out.println( "i in try block is:" +i);             return  --i;           }           catch (Exception e){             --i;             System.out.println( "i in catch - form try block is:" +i);             return  --i;           }           finally {                  System.out.println( "i in finally - from try or catch block is:" +i);             return  --i;           }   }

运行代码:

1 2 3 4 5 public  static  void  main( String [] args) {          System.out.println( "=============NoException==================" );          System.out.println(NoException());          System.out.println( "===============================" );    }

运行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 =============NoException================== in  try  block  is 10 in  finally  - from  try  or  catch  block  is 9 8 ===============================

执行顺序:

   执行try块,执行到return语句时,先执行return的语句,–i,但是不返回到main方法,执行finally块,遇到finally块中的return语句,执行–i,并将值返回到main方法,这里就不会再回去返回try块中计算得到的值。

结论:try-catch-finally都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是finally中的return返回的。

2.try块中没有抛出异常,仅try和catch中有return语句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 public  static  int  NoException1(){              int  i= 10 ;              try {                  System.out.println( "i in try block is:" +i);                  return  --i;              }              catch (Exception e){                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in catch - form try block is:" +i);                  return  --i;              }              finally {                             System.out.println( "i in finally - from try or catch block is:" +i);                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in finally block is:" +i);                  //return --i;              } }

运行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 6 =============NoException1================== in  try  block  is 10 in  finally  - from  try  or  catch  block  is 9 in  finally  block  is 8 9 ===============================

执行顺序:

   try中执行完return的语句后,不返回,执行finally块,finally块执行结束后,返回到try块中,返回i在try块中最后的值。

结论:try-catch都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是try中的return返回的。

3.try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 public  static  int  WithException(){              int  i= 10 ;              try {                  System.out.println( "i in try block is:" +i);                  i = i/ 0 ;                  return  --i;              }              catch (Exception e){                  System.out.println( "i in catch - form try block is:" +i);                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in catch block is:" +i);                  return  --i;              }              finally {                             System.out.println( "i in finally - from try or catch block is--" +i);                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in finally block is--" +i);                  return  --i;              } }

执行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 =============WithException================== in  try  block  is 10 in  catch  - form  try  block  is 10 in  catch  block  is 9 in  finally  - from  try  or  catch  block  is -- 8 in  finally  block  is -- 7 6 ===============================

执行顺序:

   抛出异常后,执行catch块,在catch块的return的–i执行完后,并不直接返回而是执行finally,因finally中有return语句,所以,执行,返回结果6。

结论:

   try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句,返回值是finally中的return。

4.try块中抛出异常,try和catch中都有return语句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 public  static  int  WithException1(){              int  i= 10 ;              try {                  System.out.println( "i in try block is:" +i);                  i=i/ 0 ;                  return  --i;              } catch (Exception e){                  System.out.println( "i in catch - form try block is:" +i);                             return  --i;              } finally {                                                                                                                                                                                         System.out.println( "i in finally - from try or catch block is:" +i);                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in finally block is:" +i);                  //return i;              } }

执行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 =============WithException1================== in  try  block  is 10 in  catch  - form  try  block  is 10 in  finally  - from  try  or  catch  block  is 9 in  finally  block  is 8 9 ===============================

执行顺序:

   抛出异常后,执行catch块,执行完finally语句后,依旧返回catch中的执行return语句后的值,而不是finally中修改的值。

结论:

   返回的catch中return值。

5.try、catch中都出现异常,在finally中有返回

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 public  static  int  WithException2(){              int  i= 10 ;              try {                  System.out.println( "i in try block is:" +i);                  i=i/ 0 ;                  return  --i;              }              catch (Exception e){                  System.out.println( "i in catch - form try block is:" +i);                  int  j = i/ 0 ;                  return  --i;              }              finally {                                                                                                          System.out.println( "i in finally - from try or catch block is:" +i);                  --i;                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in finally block is:" +i);                  return  --i; }

执行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 =============WithException2================== in  try block  is :10 in  catch - form try block  is :10 in  finally -  from  try  or  catch block  is :10 in  finally block  is :8 7 ===============================

执行顺序:   

   try块中出现异常到catch,catch中出现异常到finally,finally中执行到return语句返回,不检查异常。

结论:

   返回finally中return值。

6、只在函数最后出现return语句

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 public  static  int  WithException3(){              int  i= 10 ;              try {                  System.out.println( "i in try block is:" +i);                  i=i/ 0 ;                  //return --i;              }              catch (Exception e){                  System.out.println( "i in catch - form try block is:" +i);                  //int j = i/0;                  //return --i;              }              finally {                                                                                             System.out.println( "i in finally - from try or catch block is:" +i);                  --i;                  --i;                  System.out.println( "i in finally block is:" +i);                  //return --i;              }              return  --i; }

执行结果:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 =============WithException3================== in  try  block  is 10 in  catch  - form  try  block  is 10 in  finally  - from  try  or  catch  block  is 10 in  finally  block  is 8 7 ===============================

总体结论:

结论一:

   return语句并不是函数的最终出口,如果有finally语句,这在return之后还会执行finally(return的值会暂存在栈里面,等待finally执行后再返回)
结论二:

   finally里面不建议放return语句,根据需要,return语句可以放在try和catch里面和函数的最后。可行的做法有四:
   (1)return语句只在函数最后出现一次
   (2)return语句仅在try和catch里面都出现。
   (3)return语句仅在try和函数的最后都出现。
   (4)return语句仅在catch和函数的最后都出现。
   注意,除此之外的其他做法都是不可行的,编译器会报错。

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